LESSON 3:

THE VALUE OF RESEARCH IN

YOUR AREA OF INTEREST
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 MODULE 2
 GUIDE QUESTIONS

What is the value of research in your area of interest?

How do you cite the benefits and beneficiaries of your
study.
 THE VALUE OF RESEARCH IN YOUR AREA OF INTEREST
Two things to consider concerning value of research in
your area of interest.
a. Contribution in the field of knowledge or literature
b. Benefits to the users of the knowledge generated
 KEY PATHWAYS ON THE VALUE OF RESEARCH
Key Pathways Description
Increasing the stock of useful Primarily achieved by publication but also
knowledge operates through creation of secured
intellectual property.The codified
knowledge secured in this way forms the
basis for one channel of realizing value.

Training skilled people This is a critical means for the transfer of

knowledge from research to organizations
that apply it. The benefits of developing
human capital go well beyond formal
education – those who perform research
acquire substantial tacit knowledge of how
to make innovations work in reality.
 KEY PATHWAYS ON THE VALUE OF RESEARCH
Key Pathways Description
Creating new scientific Creating new scientific instrumentation
instrumentation, and methodologies and collaborating with
methodologies, and users in the use of such facilities or
collaboration with users processes. Many key technologies used
widely in the economy have their
foundations in research instruments, and
the relationship continues over time as the
demands of leading-edge research stretch
requirements and lead to solutions.
 KEY PATHWAYS ON THE VALUE OF RESEARCH
Key Pathways Description
Coproduction of knowledge Collaborating in research projects and
networks with users.This leads to co
production of knowledge and may address
problems or challenges posed by users
from both economic and social domains
directly.
Knowledge spillover Knowledge created can be used by
another without financial compensation,
or with compensation less than the value
of the knowledge.
 KEY PATHWAYS ON THE VALUE OF RESEARCH

Key Pathways Description

Market spillover Market forces cause buyers of new
products made with new processes to get
some of the products’ benefits because
not all of the products’ superiority or price
reduction is captured in price (also
described as consumer surplus).
 CITING BENEFITS AND BENEFICIARIES
ACCORDING TO JOHNSON (2011)
1. List any academic beneficiaries from the research and give
details on how they will benefit and how the results of the
proposed research will be disseminated.
2. Specific beneficiaries might be:
Researchers in the investigator’s immediate professional
circle carrying out similar or related research
Researchers in other disciplines
Researchers in other academic institutions.
 CITING BENEFITS AND BENEFICIARIES
ACCORDING TO JOHNSON (2011)
3. Describe the relevance of the research to its beneficiaries.
Identify the potential academic impact of the proposed work
Show how the research will benefit other researchers (This
might include methodological or theoretical advances)
Identify whether the research will produce data or materials of
benefit to other researchers. Explain how these will be stored,
maintained and made available.
Explain any collaboration with other researchers and their role
in the project.
 EVALUATING LEARNING (POST TEST)

Instructions:
One of the reasons why research studies are conducted is to
contribute to the understanding and explanation of why things
happen in certain ways. In cases provided, determine the value of
the research to the pertinent area of interest and identify the
beneficiaries of the research.
 EVALUATING LEARNING (POST TEST)

1. A survey on the presidential preference of the basic

sectors (farmers, fisherfolk, indigenous people, laborers,
and urban poor) in the 2016 elections.

a. What is the value of research? Explain

b. Who are the beneficiaries? Why do you think so?
 EVALUATING LEARNING (POST TEST)

2. A study on the perception of the urban poor on the

housing program of the government.

a. What is the value of research? Explain

b. Who are the beneficiaries? Why do you think so?
 EVALUATING LEARNING (POST TEST)

3. A study on the impact of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program of DSWD on urban and rural poor households.

a. What is the value of research? Explain

b. Who are the beneficiaries? Why do you think so?
 EVALUATING LEARNING (POST TEST)

4. A study on the number of times a person upload and

make a comment on Facebook.

a. What is the value of research? Explain

b. Who are the beneficiaries? Why do you think so?
 EVALUATING LEARNING (POST TEST)

5. A study on the impact of teenage pregnancy on the

development of the community.

a. What is the value of research? Explain

b. Who are the beneficiaries? Why do you think so?
 EVALUATING LEARNING (POST TEST)
1. A survey on the presidential preference of the basic sectors
(farmers, fisherfolk, indigenous people, laborers, and urban
poor) in the 2016 elections.
2. A study on the perception of the urban poor on the housing
program of the government.
3. A study on the impact of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program of DSWD on urban and rural poor households.
a. What is the value of research? Explain
b. Who are the beneficiaries? Why do you think so?
 PERFORMANCE TASK
WRITING RESEARCH PROBLEM
1. Your task is to write a research problem
2. To contextualize your research problem, state and describe the
research. Take off from what you have gathered in you review of
literature
3. The main body of you research should contain the following.
a. The purpose of the study (whether to describe, understand,
develop of discover something)
b.The central idea that you want to describe, understand, discover
 PERFORMANCE TASK
WRITING RESEARCH PROBLEM
The main body of you research should contain the following.
c. The method by you plan to collect and analyze data
d. The unit of analysis and or the research priniciple
 RESEARCH PROBLEM EXAMPLE
Food habit amongst pregnant women is of main
concern.The kind of food to be consumed with the
information about nutrient values in the local food,
seasonal fruits/vegetables and other special diet, with
respect to the duration of the month of pregnancy.The
motivation amongst PW to know about their diet and
how it helps in the growth of an unborn child and in
improving her own health.
 RESEARCH PROBLEM EXAMPLE 1
Food habit amongst pregnant women is of main
concern.The kind of food to be consumed with the
information about nutrient values in the local food,
seasonal fruits/vegetables and other special diet, with
respect to the duration of the month of pregnancy.The
motivation amongst PW to know about their diet and
how it helps in the growth of an unborn child and in
improving her own health.
 RESEARCH PROBLEM EXAMPLE 2
Hazardous noise is an important occupational health problem
because it leads to hearing loss and may lead to increased
stress and other deleterious physiological effects. More than
30 million workers are exposed to hazardous noise on the job.
Use of hearing protection devices, specifically ear plugs is
known to reduce noise exposure and prevent noise – induced
hearing loss, there are, however, relatively few investigators
who have examined factors related to the low use of hearing
protection by workers.
 RESEARCH PROBLEM EXAMPLE 3
A more recent developmental research in Tawi-tawi and
Surigao in the Philippines found that in the case of remote
community catchments of these provinces, 5 out of 7 children
under 5 years were affected by malnutrition, where 3 of each
those 5 were in sever status of malnutrition (Rijal, 2009).
Thus, it is a daunting task for all actors of development to
reach the bottom of cause and address the situation as soon
as possible, otherwise the communities will be unable to bear
the consequences.
 RESEARCH PROBLEM EXAMPLE 4
English literature acts as a medium of enhancing critical
thinking skills and developing independent readers. Learners
of literature component should be able to give critical
responses and multiple interpretations to the literary text
learnt.Teachers play an important role to ensure that
students are capable of giving their personal responses to the
literary text.This is mentioned specifically by Malaysian
Examination Syndicate (2002) that urge students to be well-
equipped with the necessary skill.
 RESEARCH PROBLEM EX. 5 (PROBLEM STATEMENT IN 3 PARTS)

Part A (The Ideal): Describes a desired goal or ideal situation;

explains how things should be.
Part B (The reality): Describes condition that prevents the
goal, state, or value in Part A from being achieved or realized
at this time; explains how the current situation fall short of
the goal or ideal
Part C (The Consequences): Identifies the way you propose to
improve the current situation and move it closer to the goal
or ideal.
 RESEARCH PROBLEM EX. 5 (PROBLEM STATEMENT IN 3 PARTS)

Part A (The Ideal):

According to the XY university mission statement, the
university seeks to provide students with a safe, healthy
learning environment. Dormitories are one important
aspect of that learning environment, since 55% of XY
students live in campus dorms and most of these students
spend a significant amount of time working in their dorm
rooms. However,
 RESEARCH PROBLEM EX. 5 (PROBLEM STATEMENT IN 3 PARTS)

Part B (The reality):

Students living in dorms A B C, and D currently do not have
air conditioning units, and during the hot seasons, it is
common for room temperatures to exceed 80 degrees F.
Many students report that they are unable to do homework
in their dorm rooms. Others report having problems
sleeping because of the humidity and temperature. The
rooms are not only unhealthy, but they inhibit student
productivity and academic achievement.
 RESEARCH PROBLEM EX. 5 (PROBLEM STATEMENT IN 3 PARTS)
Part C (The Consequences):
In response to this problem, our study proposes to investigate
several options for making the dorms more hospitable. We plan
to carry out an all-inclusive participatory investigation into
options for purchasing air conditioners (university-funded;
student-subsidized) and different types of air conditioning
systems. We will also consider less expensive ways to mitigate
some or all of the problems noted above (such as creating
climate-controlled dorm lounges and equipping them with better
study areas and computing space).
 EXAMPLE 6 (SIMPLE 4 STEP GUIDE IN WRITING PROBLEM STATEMENT)
Step 1 (Statement 1): Describe a goal or desired state of a given situation,
phenomenon etc. This will build the ideal situation (what should be, what is expected or
desired)
Step 2 (Statement 2): Describe a condition that prevents the goal, state, or value
discussed in Step 1 from being achieved or realized at the present time. This will build the
reality or the situation as it is and establish a gap between what ought to be and what is.
Step 3: Connect steps 1 and 2 using a connecting term such as "but," "however,"
“unfortunately,” or “in spite of.”
Step 4 (Statement 3): Using specific details, show how the situation in step 2 contains
little promise of improvement unless something is done. Then emphasize the benefits of
research by projecting the consequences of possible solutions.
 EXAMPLE 6 (USING THE 4 SIMPLE STEP GUIDE)
Step 1 (Statement 1)
The government of Kenya has a goal to industrialize the
nation by the year 2030 (quote). In this regard it has
encouraged growth-oriented micro and small enterprises
(MSEs) that should graduate into medium and large
enterprises capable of contributing to the industrialization
goal. There are several sessional papers (quote/cite) that
contain specific measures to encourage and support MSEs.
 EXAMPLE 6 (USING THE 4 SIMPLE STEP GUIDE)

Step 2 and 3 (Statement 2)

Despite the said government efforts, there is slow growth of
micro into small enterprises and even slower growth of
small into medium scale enterprises (quote, show
statistics).The government has officially acknowledged that
there exists a “missing middle” in Kenya meaning that
there is a gap between small and large enterprises in the
country (cite, quote).
 EXAMPLE 6 (USING THE 4 SIMPLE STEP GUIDE)

Step 4 (Statement 3)
Should the “missing middle” gap persist, the
industrialization goal may be difficult to achieve. A need
therefore arises to investigate why there is a persistent
“missing middle” despite government efforts.
 EXAMPLE 7 (USING THE 4 SIMPLE STEP GUIDE)
Statement 1
In order to accomplish their missions, public universities need
motivated workforces.
Statement 2
There are, however, frequent and severe disciplinary actions,
absenteeism, as well as various forms of unrest in public
universities which affect the accomplishment of the set
missions. Our preliminary investigation reveals that both non-
management and management staff are under motivated.
 EXAMPLE 7 (USING THE 4 SIMPLE STEP GUIDE)
Statement 3
Without effective motivational packages and procedures,
the said vices are likely to continue and retard the
achievement of the universities’ missions.
Thus, there is a need to examine the public universities’
motivation systems and procedures, which is the aim of the
proposed research.
 EXAMPLE 8 (USING THE 4 SIMPLE STEP GUIDE)
Statement 1
The Ministry of Youth is dedicated to allocating enterprise
development funds to both the youth and women. These
funds are made available in order to start entrepreneurial
ventures that create and expand employment. (Provide
relevant statistics and quote)
 EXAMPLE 8 (USING THE 4 SIMPLE STEP GUIDE)
Statement 2
One of the main focuses of the ministry is consistency.
Unfortunately, consistency in allocating funds to the next
generation of recipients requires prior knowledge of
previous allocations and established practices.The current
continuous disbursement method does not allow for
adequate analysis of previous disbursements before a
current disbursement is done.
 EXAMPLE 8 (USING THE 4 SIMPLE STEP GUIDE)
Statement 3
Continuing with this current disbursement method prevents
consistency and causes decisions to become grossly political, which in
turn inhibits the achievement of the goals of the funds. Developing a
more informed disbursement system could help better implement the
consistency focus of the ministry and at the same time help the
ministry better monitor and evaluate its funds.
This proposed research aspires to explore options for a new funds
disbursement system that would focus on consistency. To do this, the
researcher will carry out a full stakeholder analysis and use it to
propose appropriate policy interventions.