Information, Communication and

Technology
Information, Communication and
Technology
 ICT is the abbreviation for Information and
Communication Technology. ICT is an
umbrella term used to encompass all rapidly
emerging, evolving and converging computer,
software, networking, telecommunications,
Internet, programming and information
systems technologies.
 The acquisition, analysis, manipulation,
storage and distribution of information; and
the design and provision of equipment and
software.
Information, Communication and
Technology
ICT is a composite term, which embodies three important
concepts. To understand ICT, one must understand all
three concepts.
“INFORMATION”
 “Information” means many things to people.
Depending on the context. Scientifically, information is
a processed data. Information can also be loosely
defined as that which aids decision making.
Information, though abstract, could also be visualized
as a commodity, which could be or solid.
 Any potentially useful fact, quantity or value that can
be expressed uniquely with exactness. Information is
whatever is capable of causing a human mid to
change its opinion about the current state of the
world.
ICT is a composite term, which embodies three important
concepts. To understand ICT, one must understand all
three concepts.
“COMMUNICATION”
 “Communication” refers to the transfer or
exchange of information from person to person or
from one place to another. When action produce
a reaction, whether positive or negative,
communication has taken place. Other writers in
the field of communication studies have defined
communication as: process: a transfer of
information, ideas, thoughts and messages. It
involves a sender, a receiver, a code and a
language that is understood by both the sender
and receiver
ICT is a composite term, which embodies three important
concepts. To understand ICT, one must understand all
three concepts.
“TECHNOLOGY”
 “Technology” refers to the use of scientific
knowledge to invent tools that assist human
beings in their efforts to overcome environmental
hazards and impediments to comfort. In this
regard, technology refers to the things like
computer, telephone, cell phone, GSM handsets,
television, radio, etc.
BROWSER
 Also known as Web browser. A client software
program that runs against a Web server or other
Internet server and enables a user to navigate the
World Wide Web (WWW) to access and display data.
AI
 Artificial Intelligence is the development of computer
systems able to perform tasks that normally require
human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech
recognition, decision-making, and translation between
languages.
SERVER COMPUTER
 Is a computer program that provides service to
other computer programs in the same or other
computers.
INTERFACE
 A boundary across which two independent
systems meet and act on or communicate with
each other.
CLIENT
 In the SAP landscape, a client is an entity with
independent information and data. The SAP client concept
is based on the fact that an application service provider
(ASP) must provide and administer all resources at a
minimal cost, which is quite challenging in a multiple
customer-client environment.

NOTE: SAP provides the option of allocating each
customer to a client, thereby removing the need to provide
separate physical systems for each customer. This helps
reduce physical hardware and sharing of hardware and
related software, thereby reducing administration and
support requirements and facilitating clients and a large
number of customers.
 “F-A-M-I-L-Y”
 FACEBOOK
 Is an American for-profit corporation and social networking service or social networking site.

ACCESSIBILYTY
 In human–computer interaction, computer accessibility refers to the accessibility of a
computer system to all people, regardless of disability type or severity of impairment.
MOBILE PHONES
 Mobile phones have replaced fixed-line phones as the default technology for communication.

INTERNET
 Is a computer network connecting millions of computers all over the world.
More than three in ten homes in the developing world have Internet access.
LAPTOP COMPUTERS/ COMPUTER
 Is a computer that light and can easily be carried around. Contrasted with desktop computer.
YOUTUBE
 A website to which you can upload your own video clips and view video clips uploaded by
others
 Online systems, Functions and Platforms
Online systems
 are online versions of information systems, which is “the
process of and tools for storing, managing, using, and
gathering of data and communications in an organization.
An example of information systems are tools for sending
out communications and storing files in a business.”
WHAT IS WEB PAGE?
 A web page or web page is a document commonly written
in HyperText Markup Language (HTML) that is accessible
through the Internet or other network using an Internet
browser.
 A web page is accessed by entering a URL address and
may contain text, graphics, and hyperlinks to other web
pages and files. The page you are reading now is an
example of a web page.
 Online systems, Functions and Platforms
What is web 1.0?
 An old internet that only allows people to read
from the internet.
 First stage World wide linking web pages and
hyperlink.
 Web is use as “information portal”
 It uses table to positions and align elements on
page
 Online systems, Functions and Platforms
What is web 2.0?
 It is a platform that give users the possibility to
control their data.
 This is about user – generated content and the
read-write web.
 Everyone can be content producer.
 FEATURES OF WEB 2.0
 Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and
classify/arrange information using freely chosen
keywords (e.g. tagging). Popular networking sites
such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, etc. use
tags that start with the pound sign (#). This is also
referred to as hashtag.
 FEATURES OF WEB 2.0
 Rich User Experience – content is dynamic and is
responsive to user’s input. An example would be a website
that shows local content. In the case of social networking
sites, when logged on, your account is used to modify what
you see in their website.
 Google Chrome is one of the example. Compare to
traditional browser, it’s just a browser where user could just
browse the web and nothing more could be done. When
Google Chrome came into the market, it could do more
than just browse the web. It could be customized with
different customized background and have different
themes. More than that, it could download apps from
the Google Web Store. In Google Web Store, there are
different categories of apps that could be downloaded such
as social network, news & weather, education,
entertainment, and many more.
 FEATURES OF WEB 2.0
 User Participation – the owner of the website is
not the only one who is able to put content.
Others are able to place a content of their own by
means of comments, reviews, and evaluation.
Some websites allow readers to comment on an
article, participate in a poll, or review a specific
product (e.g. Amazon.com, online stores).
 FEATURES OF WEB 2.0
 Long Tail – services that are offered on demand
rather than a one-time purchase. In certain cases,
time-based pricing is better than file-size pricing
or vice-versa. This is synonymous to subscribing
to a data plan that charges you for the amount of
time you spent in the Internet, or a data plan that
charges you for the amount of bandwidth you
used.
 FEATURES OF WEB 2.0
 Software as a Service – users will subscribe to a
software only when needed rather than
purchasing them. This is a cheaper option if you
do not always need to use a software. For
instance, Google Docs is a free web-based
application that allows the user to create an edit
word processing and spreadsheet documents
online. When you need a software, like a Word
Processor, you can purchase it for a one-time
huge amount and install it in your computer and it
is yours forever. Software as a service allows you
to “rent” a software for a minimal fee.
 FEATURES OF WEB 2.0
 Mass Participation – diverse information sharing
through universal web access. Since most users
can use the internet, Web 2.0’s content is based
on people from various cultures.
 Online systems, Functions and Platforms
What is WEB 3.0?
 Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York
Times for the third-generation of the web.
 In this generation, all the application on web or mobile
will be upgraded with more features.
 It apply same principle as WEB 2.0 : two way
interaction
 Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and
intelligent, with semantic Web technologies,
distributed databases, natural language processing,
machine learning, machine reasoning, and
autonomous agents.
 Application to access the internet
On the computer, you use a program to see
internet. The program is called web browser you
browse the web with it. Some brands of web
browsers include Internet Explorer, Firefox,
Google Chrome.
 Title Bar Application to access the internet
Windows Button

Address Box

Refresh Button
Add Button

Forward Button

Back Button
 THE BUTTONS

1. The Back Button – this buttons allows you to return to the

last web page that you last visited.
2. The Forward Button – if you clicked the back button, you
don’t have to hunt for the hyperlink on the web page to
return to the previous web page.
3. The refresh button – this button is useful if you are looking
at pages that contain content that is updated more
frequently, such as the news, sports scores, or the weather.
By clicking on the refresh button, the web page loads again,
and is updated with the latest information.
4. The address button – this displays the url of a webpage. url
stands for universal resource locator, which is a unique
address for each webpage.
 Application to access the internet
.dot - Separates parts of the address so it
does not all run together and computer can
distinguish the different parts f the address.

https://www.google.com
The domain – at the end of
a web address. Tells what type
of web page you are viewing.
Domain .com – commercial
WWW - Stands for name - A series . Org – Non-For-Profit
https:// - Begins most
World Wide Web. Most of numbers, organization
addresses. Tells the internet
web addresses have it letters or .edu – education
browser what protocol to
although it is not hyphens that . Net – Internet Related
use.
necessary. It indicates a identifies the .mil – US Military
- Hyper Text Transfer
web page owner of the .gov – government
Protocol Secure
address .us – United States
.uk – United Kingdom
Online safety, security, ethics, and etiquette

Are you Safe and Secured

online?

How Safe and Secured are

you online?
Online safety, security, ethics, and etiquette

Internet is defined as the

information superhighway. This
means that anyone has access to
this highway, can place info, and
can grab that info.
Online safety, security, ethics, and etiquette

Types of Information with Risk:

Mother’s and Father’s name Sibling’s
Name Address Home Phone Number
Birthday Email Address
First Name Last Name Middle
Name Current and Previous School
Cellphone Number
 Online safety, security, ethics, and etiquette

Some Tips to Stay Safe Online:

Be mindful on what you share online.
Do not just accept terms and conditions, read it.
Do not share your password with anyone.
Do not talk to strangers whether online or face-to- face.
Never post anything about a future vacation.
Add friends you know in real life.
Avoid visiting untrusted websites.
If you have WiFi at home, make it private by adding a password.
Install and update an antivirus software on your computer.
Online safety, security, ethics, and etiquette

Some Antivirus: BitDefender

Some Antivirus: ESET NOD32
Some Antivirus: F-Secure
Some Antivirus: Kaspersky
Some Antivirus: Norton
Some Antivirus: AVAST
Some Antivirus: SMADAV
Some Antivirus:

BitDefender
Some Antivirus:

ESET NOD32
Some Antivirus:

F-Secure
Some Antivirus:

Kaspersky
Some Antivirus:

Norton
Some Antivirus:

AVAST
Some Antivirus:

SMADAV
 Best Practice for posting

1. Regularly distribute discussion postings and replies throughout

the discussion period instead of concentrating them on one
day or at the beginning and/or end of the discussion period.
Regular distribution of postings encourages dialogue.
2. Keep postings to a minimum of one short paragraph and a
maximum of two paragraphs in length. Too short, they may not
add value; too long, they may not be read by others.
3. Provide a constructive response and avoid postings that are
only partial responses such as “I agree” or “good job”.
4. Be specific when you address the question and comments.
Stay focused.
5. Incorporate ideas from the learning resource in the course
content to support your postings.
 Best Practice for posting

6. Build on the comments and responses of others

in the course to create discussion threads.

7. Introduce your personal experience and prior

knowledge. Add concepts from your work or
teaching experience to augment the content or
the discussion.
8. Know who your colleagues are and ensure
they’re safe, both physically and emotionally.
9. Use proper network etiquette (netiquette.)
 Netiquette

The following discussion forum netiquette guidelines help shape more

effective, constructive, interactive discussion.

- Be constructive: if you are supportive and provide others with

constructive feedback and comments, they will be more likely to post
and reply to your posts in a similar manner.
- Be safe: ensure your post and replies don’t put a fellow participant in
an unsafe situation, either physically or emotionally.
- Remember, we’re all human: although there may be no in-person
contact with others in the course, remember that your peers are
human and have feelings. If wouldn’t make the comment to them in a
face-to-face environment, don’t post it in this online course.
- We’re not all online 24/7: One of the advantages of asynchronous
learning is the ability to log on the course when you are able.
 Netiquette

The following discussion forum netiquette guidelines help shape more

effective, constructive, interactive discussion.

- Avoid flames: A flame is an online personal attack. Always discuss or

debate the content; do not attack the person who made the point.
- Choose your words carefully: even if your comment was intended to
be constructive, the challenges of the written language can could
cloud the intent.
- Before posting, ensure comments are clear and cannot be taken in
the wrong context.
- Avoid “death by emoticons”: a single emoticon can help express your
intent, but don’t overuse them.
- Write as though you favorite grandmother were reading: don’t be
offensive or use foul language in post.
 Netiquette

The following discussion forum netiquette guidelines help shape more

effective, constructive, interactive discussion.

- Diversity and Inclusion.

- Do not capture a thread.
- Share your knowledge.
- Be polite.
- Accept the views of others.
- Stop shouting. Turn off your caps lock.
- Don’t hide under the bridge.
- Freedom of speech may not exist
- Have the courage to post
- Contribute do not just agree
 Netiquette

The following discussion forum netiquette guidelines help shape more

effective, constructive, interactive discussion.

- Ensure public messages receive a public reply.

- Ensure private messages remain reply.
- Do not abandon a thread.
- Read before you post.
- Avoid “chatspeak”.
- Ask for help.
 Take a STAND against cyber bullying

- Silence
- Accept that bullies don’t think like you do.
- Never deal with this problem alone.
- Don’t be provoked.
- For parents: don’t ban – plan
- Know that people take cyber bullying seriously and that you will be
taken seriously.
- Develop a code of netiquette
- Students help students
 “Contextualized
Online Search and
Research Skills”
What is Online
Search?

Online search is the process of interactively

searching for and retrieving requested
information via a computer from databases
that are online. Interactive searches became
possible in the 1980s with the advent of
faster databases and smart terminals.
 Advantages and
Disadvantages
Advantages:
Ability to obtain a large sample, which increases
statistical power
Data is automatically coded so no data entry
errors
Reduced cost of conducting research

Disadvantages:
Online is not totally secure and theft is one of the numerous danger it
poses, researchers personal
information is at risk of being access by rogue persons.
Some of the materials on the internet have not been evaluated by
experts or thoroughly screened.
Lack of accreditation and low quality
 Research
Skills
“Research” sometimes just means finding out information about a
topic.
You can certainly develop advanced information retrieval skills in
Working with Sources. However, in specific understandings of
“research” carry a lot of weight. The classic definition is that
“research” leads to an original contribution to knowledge in a
particular field of inquiry by defining an important question or
problem and then answering or solving it in a systematic way.
So you will need to read on to develop a relevant understanding of
what
research means in your subject.
 Important aspects of
research:
Research design covers the key issues in developing a successful
research project.

Research methods takes you to resources on essential techniques

for
carrying out convincing research.

Working with data will provide resources on the use of statistics

and other numerical skills in research.
 Some examples of research skills that
you may have

inclu
1. Report writing.
de:
2. Analysing lots of information from
different sources.
3. Finding information off the internet.
4. Critical thinking.