BAB 3

Vibration Control
 Vibration leads to wear of machinery and
discomfort of humans, thus we want to
eliminate vibration
 Designer must compromise between
acceptable amount of vibration and
manufacturing cost
 We shall consider various techniques of
vibration control in this chapter.

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 Vibration nomograph displays the variations
of displacement, velocity and acceleration
amplitudes wrt frequency of vibration
 
Harmonic motion:x t  X sin t


Velocity:
Acceleration:
 
v t  x t  X cos t  2fX cos t
at   xt    X sin t  4 f X sin t
 2 2 2

 Amplitude of velocity: vmax  2fX Eq. 9.1

 Amplitude of acceleration:

amax  4 f X  2fvmax

2 2
Eq 9.2
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 Taking log of Eq. 9.1and Eq. 9.2:
ln vmax  ln 2f   ln X
ln vmax   ln amax  ln 2f 
 When X is constant, ln vmax varies linearly
with ln(2πf)
 When amax is constant, ln vmax varies linearly
with ln(2πf)
 This is shown as a nomograph in the next
slide.
 Every pt on the nomograph denotes a
specific sinusoidal vibration.

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5
 Vibration severity of machinery is defined in
terms of the root mean square (rms) value of
vibration velocity. (ISO 2372)
 Vibration severity of whole building vibration
(ISO DP 4866)
 Vibration limits for human (ISO 2631)

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 The seat of a helicopter, with the pilot,
weights 1000N and is found to have a static
deflection of 10 mm under self-weight. The
vibration of the rotor is transmitted to the
base of the seat as harmonic motion with
frequency 4 Hz and amplitude 0.2 mm.
a) What is the level of vibration felt by the pilot?
b) How can the seat be redesigned to reduce
the effect of vibration?

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 Mass = m = 1000/9.81 = 101.9368 kg
 Stiffness = k = W/δst = 1000/0.01 =
105N/m
 Natural frequency = ωn =
k 105
  31.3209 rad/s  4.9849 Hz
m 101.9368 n 4.9849
 Frequency ratio = r =   1.2462
 4.0
Amplitude of vibration felt by pilot: X
Y
 
where Y is the amplitude of base 1 r 2
displacement
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 0.2
X  0.3616 mm
1  1.2462 2

vmax  2fX  2 50.3616  9.0887 mm/s

amax  2f  X  228.4074 mm/s 2  0.2284 m/s 2
2

 At 4 Hz, the amplitude of 0.3616 mm may

not cause much discomfort.
 However the velocity and acceleration at 4
Hz are not acceptable for a comfortable
ride.
 Try to bring amax down to 0.01 m/s2
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amax  10 mm/s  2f  X  8 
2 2 2

X  0.01583 mm
X 0.01583 1
  or r  3.6923
Y 0.2 1 r 2

 8 k
n    6.8068 rad/s 
3.6923 3.6923 m
m  101.9368 kg  k  4722.9837 N/m
 Either use softer material for seat or
increase mass of seat.
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