Types of Roofing

and Roofing
Materials
 Styles of Roofs:
• The roof greatly affects the overall appearance
of a home.
• There are many standard styles from which to
choose.
• Choose a style that complements the basic
design of the house being planned.
 Roofing Materials
There are three components of a roof.
1. Frame or skeleton.
2. Rigid inner layer or skin which is fastened
to the frame and supports the outer layer or
(only used for roofing materials that requires
the roof to be waterproofed.)
3. Exposed outer layer (roofing material).
 When the roof is flat, the material used to form the inner
layer is called a Decking.

When the roof is sloped, the inner skin material is called

the roof sheathing.
 Materials for roof deckings or sheatings may be boards,
plywood, concrete, steel, gypsum, rigid insulation board,
strawboards, or tile.

The exposed outer, waterproof layer of the roof is known

as the roofing.

Materials for roofing include shingles of all kinds, wooden

shakes, clay roofing tile, cement roofing
tile, slate, sheet metal, abestos cement sheet roofing,
asphalt roofing, glass and plastics.
1. SHINGLES a roofing unit of wood, asphaltic material, slate, tile,
concrete, asbestos cement or other material cut to stock lengths,
widths and thickness; used as an exterior covering or sloping roofs
and side walls; applied in an overlapping fashion.

Different Kinds of Shingles

a. Wood Shingles - made from trees that are light when dry, has high
crushing strength, and slow growing trees
which produce narrow annual rings. This in turn, result in a fine, evenly
grained wood with uniform texture. Wood shingles
are also made from large trees with few knots, so that shingles free
should from blemishes and distorted grains can be produced
• in large quantities. The tree should have a low coefficient of
expansion and contraction due to changes in moisture conditions,
so that in changing from a wet to an air dry condition, the
shingles are less likely to split or check.

Carefully chosen logs are first sawed into 16,18, or 24 in.

lengths. Every effort is made to produce blocks which have and
edge-grain face upright, machines then saw these blocks into
shingles, graded and packed into bundles containing enough
shingles to cover 25 sq.ft. Shingles are packed green and may
be shipped green or stacked and air dried or kiln dried.
 No shingles is allowed to be wider than 14 in. or less than 3 in.
standard lengths are 24, 18 and 16 in.

The amount that a roof shingles should be exposed to the

weather depends on the pitch of the roof and the length of shingle
used. The maximum exposure on 1/8 and 1/6 pitches should be 3
3/4 in. For 16 in. shingles, 4 1/4 in. For 18 in. shingles and 5 3/4 in.
For roofs with a pitch steeper than 1/6, tha maximum exposure for
16 in-shingles should be 5 in., for 18 in, shingles 5 1/2 in,
and for 24 in, shingles 7 1/2 in.
• 16"-exposure 3 3/4"
• 18"-exposure 4 1/4"
• 24"-exposure 5 3/4"

b. Wood Shakes - Shakes are used for the same purpose as

shingles but are split rather than sawed from
the blocks. This produces a much rougher face than in the case
with shingles.

Three types of Shakes are made

1. Hand Split and resawed - made by cutting planks of proper
thickness and running them throughout a bandsaw diagonally.
2. Taper Split - produced by hand-splitting. A shingle like taner is
achieved by reversing the block end-for0end with each split.
3. Straight-split shakes - similarly done as taper split except that
splitting is done from one end of the block only.
Hand split and resawed shakes comes in 18,24 and 32 in. length
with thicknesses of 1/2 to 3/4 to 1 1/4. The tapers split comes in 24
in, long from 1/2 to 5/8 in. taper. Straight split shakes are made in 18
and 24 and 3/8 in. thick.

c. Asphalt shingles - Made from heavy rag felt, saturtated with

asphalt and coated with high-melting point flexible asphalt. Ceramic
coated mineral grabules are pressed into the asphalt coating on the
exposed face to provide a fire-resistant surface. A number of weights
and styles of shingles are made, each in a variety of colors. The
weights refer to the weight of the quantity of shingles required to
cover 100 sq.ft. usually referred to as a square of shingles, This
weight varies from 135 lb. for light shingles to 325 lb. for heavy ones..
 Roof slopes should be at least 4 in., 12 shingles. Broad-
headed roofing nails or staples are used to fasten them down,
and corners if exposed tabs should be cemented down with
asphalt roofing gum to prevent damage by wind.

SHINGLES STYLES:
 Asphalt roof shingles are also manufactured with fiber glass self-
sealing thermoplastic agent which when activated by the sun,
actually fuses the shingles together to form a "one piece roof" no
costly cementing operations are required. This shingle is fireproof
since the mat base is fiberglass and coated with high grade
waterproof asphalt.
This prevent rotting, cutting and oxidation. This shingle also has a
ceramic granule surfacing and available in sever different colors.
• size - 13 1/4 x 39 3/8"
• strips per square - 66
• weight per square - 225 lbs.
• exposure - 5 5/8"
• head lap - 2"
d. Abestos cement shingles - Made from a combination of
asbestos fibers in portland cement paste. To mix is added small
quantities of small colored ceranic granules to produce
permmanent color. Sheets are cut into shingles of various sizes
and shaped with nail holes predrilled. Because this type of
shingle is hard and brittle, heavy felt underlay is required and
soft nails of copper or aluminum should be used. Cutting is done
with special shear.
e. Aluminum Shingles - Made from sheet aluminum
approximately 0.020 in. thick in the form of a 9 in. square. They
are folded on all edges with reversed folds so that adjacent
shingles will interlock. Starters are made by cutting a shingles as
shown in the figure. Each shingles is fastened down with a single
nail. This type of shingle may be used on roofs with a slope of 3
in 12 or steeper.
They are manufactured with a plain aluminum surface, with an
anodized finish, or with a baked-on vinyl enamel finish in a
variety of colors.
2. Roofing Tile

a. Terra-cotta - Because of its weight, being a terra-cotta

product, wood sheathing and strong well-braced root frames are
necessary. All of the styles of terra cotta tiles should be laid over
an asphalt felt base and are fastened with copper nails. Elastic
cement is used to caulk joints that are otherwise not watertight.
Sometime corrugated galvanized sheets are used for sheathing.
b. Concrete roofing tile - Similiar to English tile but hav a lug accross
the underside about 3 in. from one end. They are laid without nails and
rely on their weight to hold them in place. The first course is supported
by a horizontal furring strip. Each succeeding tile is supported first
course is supported by a horizontal furring strip. Each succeeding tile
is supported by the one below.
 3. Sheet Metal Proofing - Materials
include, steel, stainless steel,
copper,lead zinc, aluminum and
galbestos. Joints are necessary
between sheets to produce a
waterproof skin. Different types of
fabricated joints.
a. Flat seam are used when the roof is flat.
b. Ribbed seam are used with heavier metal for appearance or
where expansion of the roofing material become a significant
factor in the roof design.
c. Roofs with a slope over 4 in 12 may have unsolderedd standing
seams.
a. Steel - steel strip is coated with zinc, tin, lead, or combinations of two
of these to produce steel roofing.
a-1 Galvanized Steel - Steel coated with zinc. Produced in corrugated
sheet or in plain sheets.
• gauges - (thickness) the lower the number, the thicker it is.
• gauge no.16 and no. 18 - for water tanks
• GA no. 20-22-car bodies
• GA no. 24 - gutters
• GA no. 26 - standard for roofing
• GA no. 31 - for low cost housing
inch thicknesses- 0.063, 0.051
0.039, 0.033
0.027,
\
 0.021, 0.012
lengths-6.7.8.9.10.12 feet
-standard lengths
-now up to 43 feet
-long(long span)

Gutter
widths- 32"(.80) and 36" (90) wide
a-2 Long span roofing
-either coated with 2 in. only
-or colored, pre painted

This long span colored roofing employs a double coating ang

double baking of zinx and coated G.O steel sheets
by a special epoxy-acrylic. Anti-corrosion system as its primer
coating and polyester as its finishing cost.
The factory delivers this colored roofing from any size up to 60
feet.