Tisya Sinha

ROADWAYS….
 roadways types
 NATIONAL HIGHWAYS

National highways link extreme parts of the country. These are

the primary road system and are laid and maintained by central
public works department.

 STATE HIGHWAYS

roads linking a state capital with different district

headquarters are known as state highways. These rods are
constructed and maintained by state public works department.

 DISTRICT ROADs

these roads are connect the district headquarters with other

places of the district . These roads are maintained by the
zilla parishad .
 RURAL ROADS

These roads link rural areas and villages with towns.

 BORDER ROADS

Border Roads Organization a government of India

undertaking constructs and maintains roads in the
bordering areas of the country.

 GOLDEN QUADRILATERAL

The government has launched a major road

development project linking Delhi - Kolkata – Chennai –
Mumbai by six lane super highways.
 Railways
Railways are the principle mode
of transportation for freight
and passengers in India.
Apart from an important means
of transport the Indian railways
have been a great integrating
force for more than 150 years.
 Waterways
Waterways are the cheapest
means of transport.
They are most suitable for
carrying heavy and bulky
goods.
It is fuel efficient and
Environment friendly mode of
transport.
TYPES OF WATERWAYS
Inland water transport
Ocean water transport
 PIPELINES
Pipelines transport network is a new
arrival on the transportation map of
India . Earlier it was used to transport
water but these days it is Used to
transport crude oil, Petroleum products
and natural gas from oil and natural
gas fields to refineries, fertilizer
factories and big thermal power plants.
Even solids can be transported through
pipelines when converted into slurry.
 NATIONAL HIGHWAYS
 THE GANGA RIVER:- ALLAHABAD to HALDIA (1620
km)
 THE BRAHAMAPUTRA RIVER:- SADIYA to DHUBRI
(891 km)
 THE WEST COAST CANAL:- KOLLAM to KOTTAPURAM
(14 km)
 THE CHAMPAKARA CANAL:- KERALA (13 km)
 UDAGMANDALAM CANAL:- KERALA ( 22 km)
 AIRWAYS
 Air transport is the most recent mode of
transport. It is the gift of the 20th century to the
world. The two world war gave a great impetus to
the development of air transport almost all the
countries of the world.

 Characteristics of air transport is that is does

not need a specific surface track for its operation.

 It has no physical barriers as in the case if other

mode of transport.
 WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
It is a process of exchanging –
 Information
 Ideas
 Thoughts
 Feelings
 Emotions
Through
 Speech
 Signals
 Writing
 Behavior
 INTERNATIONAL TRADE
The exchange of goods among people;
states and countries is referred to
as trade.
Trade between two countries is
called international trade.
Exports and imports are the
components of trade.
The balance of a trade of a country
is the difference between its export
and import.
 TOURISM AS A TRADE
Tourism in India has grown substantially.
It helps as:-
 Promotion of national integration.
 Provide support to local handicrafts.
 Provides support to cultural pursuits.
 Development of international understanding
about our culture and heritage.
.