“The meeting of two

personalities is like the contact of

two chemical substances: if there
is any reaction, both are
transformed”
- Carl Gustav Jung
Chemical Reactions and
Chemical Equations
 Chemical Reactions

•A process that involves rearrangement of

the molecular structure of a substance , as
opposed to a change in physical form.
 Examples:
•Sodium Chloride: 2Na + Cl2 NaCl
•Carbon Dioxide : C + O2 CO2
•Vehicle fuels
•Refrigerator’s Freon
Chemical Equations
• Chemical reactions are represented by chemical
equations. When the gas hydrogen (H)burns, for
example, it reacts with oxygen (O) in the air to
form water (H2O).
We write the chemical equation for this reaction as
2 H2 + O2 2 H2O
We read the + sign as “reacts with” and the arrow
as “produces.”
Reactants
• The chemical formulas to the left of the arrow
represent the starting substances, called reactants.

Products
• The chemical formulas to the right of the arrow
represent substances produced in the reaction, called
products
Reactants Products

2 H2 + O2 2 H2O

+
 How to write
Chemical Equations?
 1. Combination
• A reaction when 2 or more reactants combine to
form a single product.
• General formula: A+B AB

Example:
2K + Cl2 2KCl
 2. Decomposition
• A single reactant breaks down into two or more
simpler substances.
• General formula: AB A+B

Example:
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
 3. Single Displacement
• This is when one element replaces another
element from a compound.
• General formula: AB + C CB + A

Example:
PbCl4 + Al AlCl4 + Pb
 4. Double Displacement
• This is when the positive ions (cations) and negative ions
(anions) of different compounds switch places, forming
two entirely different compounds.
• General formula: AB + CD AD + CB

Example:
CaSO4 + Mg(OH2) Ca(OH2) + MgSO4
How to Balance
Equations?
 Examples

•Li + H2O H2 + LiOH

•CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Evaluation
Determine what type of chemical reaction
is used in the following:
• NaNO3 NaNO2 + O2
- Decomposition
• NiSO4 + Li3PO4 Ni3(PO4) + Li2SO4
- Double displacement
• P4 + O2 P4O2
- Combination
• Fe + NaBr FeBr + Na
-Single displacement
 Determine the products of the
following reactants:
• 2Na + Cl2 ?
- 2NaCl
• C + O2 ?
- CO2
• Zn + CuSO4 ?
- ZnSO4 + Cu
• NaNO3 ?
- NaNO + O2
• NaOH +KNO3 ?
- NaNO3 + KOH
 Balance the equations:

•O2 + NO NO2
•Al2(SO4)3 + KOH Al(OH)3 + K2SO4
Thank you