GROUP

ONE

PHILOSOPHY
 ASKING
FRAMEWORK
SALIG

QUESTIONS
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DEFINE THE WORD!

Framework Questions
Questions that are directed to
our frameworks, which serve as
the bases or foundations of
our interpretation of things and
events.

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 - FRAMEWORK
Let the black area be your framework question.

NOT A
PHILOSOPHICAL
PHILOSOPHICAL
QUESTIONS
QUESTION

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PHILOSOPHY AS Why is philosophy
better understood as an

AN ACTIVITY
activity rather than as
a set of theories?

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FEATURES OF PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy is studied as an activity, thus it emphasizes the following feeatures:

DYNAMIC CRITICAL CREATIVE

Philosophy’s It examines and It leads to
search for truth is analyses the formulation of
a continuous assumptions of new and better
process. our frameworks frameworks or
or perspectives of perspectives.
things.

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 FELISILDA
CRESPO

KINDS OF
SESBINO

PHILOSOPHY
FIVE GENERAL
TYPES
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FIVE GENERAL TYPES
Accordingly, the various types of philosophy can be classified into five general types, namely:

Thematic Types Positional Types Methodological Types

Kinds of Kinds of Kinds of

philosophy that philosophy that philosophy that
are distinguished are distinguished are distinguished
from one another from one another from one another
according to the according to the according to
topic of issues solution that is method used to
being addressed being proposed resolve a certain
for a certain issue issue
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FIVE GENERAL TYPES
Regional (or Geographical) Types
Kinds of philosophies that
are distinguished from one
another according to the
geographical location in
which philosophizing
transpires or flourishes
Historical Types
Kinds of philosophies that
are distinguished from one
another according to the
historical period in which
philosophizing occurred
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SOME SPECIFIC Why is philosophy
better understood as an

TYPES
activity rather than as
a set of theories?

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 Topic of
Branch of Inquiry Some Main Concerns (Tackles
Philosophy (Studies the issues that involve:)
nature of:)

distinguishing between correct and

1. Logic reasoning
incorrect forms of reasoning

determining the kinds, sources, and

2. Epistemology knowledge
conditions of knowledge

establishing whether reality consists

of physical objects only, of
3. Metaphysics reality, existence
nonphysical objects only, or of both
physical and nonphysical objects
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 identifying the standards for
making moral judgements,
4. Ethics morality
clarifying the meaning of moral
judgements

determining the criteria for

5. Aesthetics beauty
judgements about beauty

legitimizing the existence of the

6. Social and state, determining the limits of the
the state
Political Philosophy state’s political power, defining
social and distributive justice

distinguishing between scientific

7. Philosophy of
science and nonscientific statements,
Science
justifying the process of induction
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 clarifying the meaning of religious
8. Philosophy of statements, proving the existence of
religious beliefs
Religion God, reconciling the occurrence of
evil with God’s goodness and power

meaning of determining the meaning of proper

9. Philosophy of
linguistic names, definite descriptions, and
Language
expressions psychological statements

establishing whether the mind is

physical or not, identifying the
10. Philosophy of mind or
properties of the mind, determining
Mind consciousness
the possibility of artificial/ machine
intelligence
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POSITIONAL TYPES
Positional types are named after the following:

CONFUCIANISM CARTESIANISM PLATONISM EPICURUS THOMISM

(named after (named after Rene (named after Plato) (named after (named after
Confucius) Descartes) Epicurus) St. Thomas
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Branch of Philosophy Some Main Philosophical Views

Idealism, Materialism, Dualism, Pluralism,

Metaphysics
Monism

Deontology, Consequentialism, Virtue

Ethics
Ethics, Care Ethics

Empiricism, Rationalism, Pragmatism,

Epistemology
Critical Philosophy

Extensional Logic, Intensional Logic,

Logic
Aristotelian Logic, Mathematical Logic

Social and Political Liberalism, Capitalism, Socialism, Social

Philosophy Contractarianism, Divine Right Theory
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 Kantian Aesthetics, Platonic Aesthetics,
Aesthetics Humean Aesthetics, Postmodern
Aesthetics, Objectivism, Subjectivism

Ideal-language Philosophy, Ordinary-

language Philosophy, Use Theory of
Philosophy of
Meaning, Speech Act Theory, Sense-
Language
Reference Theory of Meaning, Referential
Theory of Meaning

Realism, Instrumentalism,
Philosophy of Science Falsificationism, Inductivism,
Coherentism, Constructivism
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 Theism, Aetheism, Polytheism, Religious
Philosophy of Religion
Pluralism, Pantheism, Panentheism

Materialism, Dualism, Idealism,

Philosophy of Mind Epiphenomenalism, Functionalism,
Biological Naturalism, Computationalism

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IMAGE SLIDE
Insert or Drag & Drop your photo

MARXISM, which used the

methods of historical and economic
analysis and dialectical materialism.

Karl Marx
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REGIONAL TYPES
EASTERN PHILOSOPHY WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

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HISTORICAL TYPES
Some specific types.

Different national philosophies,

especially those under Eastern
philosophy, have various ways
of dividing the historical
THE periods of their philosophies.
HISTORICAL
TYPES
In the case of Western
philosophy, the historical
periods are conveniently
divided into four:

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WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

Modern Contemporary
Period Period
Medieval
Ancient Period
Period

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HISTORICAL TYPES
Some specific types.

As noted above, Eastern

THE
HISTORICAL
philosophies usually have
TYPES their own historical
divisions.

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 JORDAN
NALA

IMPORTANCE OF
PHILOSOPHY
IS IT TRUE THAT PHILOSOPHY IS FUTILE?
Russell said that there are These two characteristics
two reasons behind the attributed to philosophy
charge that philosophy is a actually contrast with
futile activity: science

1. THE INDEFINITENESS OF 2. THE IMPRACTICALITY OF

PHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHY

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 Those are the questions that is
already known with some degree SCIENTIFIC
SCIENCE of certainty to be capable of being QUESTIONS
ONLY
answered in a precise of definite
way

Those are the type of the

questions that has not been PHILOSOPHICAL
PHILOSOPHY established yet whether there is QUESTIONS
ONLY
a precise and objective means
of answering these questions

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REASON WHY PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS
BECAME SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS
When philosophy deals with
unscientific questions, the goal
is to determine whether such
1. The Unavailability questions can eventually become
of Technology to
test hypothesis scientific or if they can be
2. Imprecise answered in some definite way
formulation of
questions
Philosophy examines all
possible angles, formulations
and all possible answers to these
questions
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 Philosophy does the preliminary work for science in finding
definitive answers/questions

If we value science for the definiteness of it’s answers/questions,

the more we should value philosophy for making it possible for
science to deal with questions

Its true that philosophy does not satisfy our material needs but
this is only because philosophy is focused on “The Need of the
Mind”. We have this kind of need that must also value other than
material needs

*Non-Physical things may be varied, Example:

1. A Better Human Relationship
2. A Better Spiritual Life
3. A Better or Deeper Understanding of our Existence in this
World

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SOME MAJOR ACHIEVEMENT

PROVIDE A PROVIDES EXPAND THE

HOLISTIC VIEW ETHICAL BOUNDARIES
OF LIFE GUIDELINES OF
CONTRIBUTES CONTRIBUTES KNOWLEDGE
FOR THE USE
TO THE TO SOCIAL
OF MODERN
DEVELOPMENT TRANSFORMAT
TECHNOLOGY
OF SOME ION
DISCIPLINES
OR AREAS OF
KNOWLEDGE

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