Aristotle focused on the SPEAKER and the

MESSAGE, the most important part in his model

is the SETTING (OCCASION) – where the
LISTENER is situated.
1. Legal Setting – courts where ordinary
people defended themselves.
2. Deliberative Setting – political assemblies
3. Ceremonial Setting – celebrations
(victories/defeats), welcoming speech,
etc.
THE AUDIENCE ULTIMATELY HOLDS THE KEY TO
WHETHER OR NOT COMMUNICATION TAKES PLACE

Aristotle’s description of proof:

a. Logos, inheres in the content or the message
itself (logical argument)
b. Pathos, inheres in the audience (emotions)
c. Ethos, inheres in the speaker (character,
good qualities)
 The receiver will
assign meaning to
the encoded
A medium symbols.
The transmitter
through which
which converts
the message into
SHANNON-WEAVER’S
message is
transmitted to its
MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
symbols/signals.
intended
audience.
 Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver –
gave us the concept of NOISE.
The message sent by the Speaker is not
necessarily the message received by the
listener.
This model is usually called Telephone Model
because it is based on the experience of
having the message interfered with by
“noise”
 SCHRAMM’S
MODEL OF COMMUNICATION (1954)
Wilbur Schramm, was considered the
Father of Mass Communication.

He created Schramm’s Model (1954)

and Schramm’s Model Field of
Experience (1955)
- is a two way process where both sender
and receiver take turns to send and
receive a message.
•Encoder is the person who converts the message to
be sent into codes.
•Decoder is the person who gets the encoded
message which has been sent by the encoder and
converts it into the language understandable by the
person.
•Interpreter is the person who tries to understand and
analyze the message. Message is received after
interpretation. Interpreter and receiver is the same
person.
•Message is the data sent by the sender and
information that the receiver gets.
SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
(FIELD OF EXPERIENCE)
What is the FIELD OF EXPERIENCE?

It is everything that makes a person

unique - everything that she has
learned, watched, seen, heard, read,
and studied. In fact, this is practically
everything that has happened to
his/her life.
WHITE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
Communication is circular and
continuous, without beginning or end.

Eugene White contributed the

concept of FEEDBACK – the
perception by the Speaker about the
response of the Listener.
QUIZ # 3
In Eugene White’s model of
communication, he introduces
the concept of 1. _________
which is the 2.____________
of the Listener as monitored
by the speaker.
Schramm’s model transforms
the Message into the
3.__________ which is passed
from the Source to the
4.___________.
Aristotle's model of
communication focuses on
the Speech or the Message
which is dictated by the
5._____________.
The telephone model of
6.________ and 7.________
talks about the concept of
“noise” which interferes with
communication.
The best way to understand
8.___________ is to see it
9.___________.
10. What is the first and
earliest model of
communication? ________