Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
22:
Astronomers
Mr. Litaker
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Our Solar System
What do we know?
24 Hours
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Revolution
Time required for Earth to make
one revolution around the sun?
365 ¼ Days
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Time of Year
During what time of the year is the
Earth closest to the sun?
Perihelion Winter
The northern hemisphere tilted away from sun during
winter resulting in less solar heating even though the
earth is closer to sun.
* During what time of the year is the Earth
farthest from the sun?
Aphelion Summer
The northern hemisphere tilted towards
sun resulting in more solar heating
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Orbit
What type of orbit does
the Earth have around
the sun?
elliptical
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Early Astronomy
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Aristotle Greek philosopher (384- 322
B.C.)
Believed that the Earth was the
center of the Universe.
Geocentric model – Earth
Centered
** Thought – the Sun, Stars, and
other Planets revolved around the
Earth.
Concluded the Earth was round
because…
It always cast a curved
shadow on the moon.
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Ptolemy 141 A.D.
Much of our knowledge of Greek
astronomy comes from Claudius
Ptolemy.
Supported Geocentric Model
Since Ptolemy’s model predicted
motions of the planets, his model
went unchallenged for nearly 13
centuries.
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Heliocentric Model
Aristarchus – (312-230 B.C.)
was the 1st to believe that the sun
was the center of the universe.
This was referred to as a
Heliocentric model.
Everything orbits the sun in this
model.
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Viewpoints
Even though Aristarchus provided
some evidence of distances and
sizes that were not completely
accurate ---
The Geocentric Model
dominated western thought for
nearly 2000 years!!!
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Nicolaus Copernicus
Cleric and Astronomer
1473 - 1543
Finally we shall
place the Sun himself
at the center of the
Universe.
All this is suggested by
the systematic
procession of events
and
the harmony of the
whole Universe, if only
we face the facts,
as they say, 'with both
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Nicolas Copernicus
“Copernican Revolution”
The 1st Polish astronomer (1473-1543)
Great
Astronomer
Believed that the sun was the
To emerge center of the solar system.
In the
Middle Heliocentric Model – Sun
Ages! Centered
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Tycho Brahe
Tycho Brahe Danish Astronomer
(1546 – 1601)
Built an observatory financed by the
king of Denmark.
Made detailed observations and
records of the planets.
Circular and Elliptical Orbits Having the Same Period and Focus
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2nd Law
The radius vector describes equal areas
in equal times. (The Second Law)
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3rd Law
The Third Law:
The squares of the periodic times are to
each other as the cubes of the mean
distances.
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Galileo Galilei
Italian Mathematician (1564 –
1642)
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Isaac Newton
English Scientist 1643 to 1727
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Earth – Moon Relationships
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Sidereal Day vs. Solar Day
Solar Day – 24 Rotation using the
Sun as our reference.
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What season is the
Northern Hemisphere
experiencing?
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