Gender Sensitivity Training

for PNP WCPD Officers

PNP Police Regional Office III
Camp Olivas
July 24, 2019

Jennifer V. Montemayor, RSW

Social Welfare Officer III
MSWD Floridablanca
  PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES

 Understand the concepts of sex, gender,

gender characteristics, gender roles, and
other key concepts related to Gender and
Development (GAD) mainstreaming.
FUNDAMENTAL

Principle of non-discrimination is the

cornerstone of human rights principles.
 Discrimination based on sex is among
forms of discrimination prohibited
(Universal Declaration of Human
Rights).
FUNDAMENTAL

 Commitment to Non-Discrimination was

reiterated by the International Community in
the following covenants:
- Civil and Political Rights; Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights; CEDAW
 Article II Section 14 of the Philippine
Constitution also provides for the Equal
Treatment of women and men
-Ability to recognize gender issues,
especially women’s different
perceptions and interest arising
from their unique social location
and gender roles
-Renaming and reimaging
women and men
relationships to bring about
mutuality and partnership.
- Not a war of the sexes
- Not an anti-male stance
- Both women and men are victims,
although women are affected more than
men.

In practically all cultures women have a

lower status than men.
SEX and GENDER
DIFFERENCES
Activity:
Indicate whether the statement is based on
Sex (S) or Gender (G):

• Women give birth to babies, men don’t

• Little girls are gentle, boys are tough
• Women can breastfeed babies,
men can bottled-feed babies
• Most building site workers are men
• Men’s voices break at puberty, women’s do not
• According to United Nation’s Statistics, women do 67%
of the world’s work yet their earnings for it amount to
only 10 percent of the world’s income
What is Sex?

What is Gender?
 “I am a Female because
I have ovary, long hair
and wear dress.”
 “I am a Male because
I have testes, short
hair and wear pants.”
SEX AND GENDER
are DIFFERENT
 SEX
-refers to the
physical/
biological
characteristics
of being a male
or a female
GENDER
-refers to the differentiated social roles, behaviors,
capacities, intellectual, emotional and social
characteristics attributed by a given culture to women
and men. It is what makes one masculine or feminine
-is socially determined and a learned behavior

-changes across time, places and cultures

Sex Organs
 Sex role function - role which male or
female assumes because of basic
physiological or anatomical differences

SEX ROLES
FEMALE MALE
Child Bearing Produce Spermatozoa
(which determines child’s sex)
Lactation Ovum Fertilization
Gestation
are usually classified by sex,
where this classification is
social and not biological.
are learned behaviors in given
society or community of social
groups influenced by
perception and expectation
 WHO DOES WHAT?

ACTIVITIES WOMEN MEN

Productive Activities:

-Agriculture

-Income Generation

-Employment

Reproductive Activities:

-Water

-Food

-Childcare

-Health

-Cleaning and Repair

-Market
Male gender roles
are associated with
appropriate Female gender roles
concepts of are associated with
appropriate
Masculinity
concepts of
and traits such as:
Feminity
• dominance
• assertiveness and traits such as:
•independence
• submissiveness
•modesty
•nurturance
 SEX GENDER

Born with Socially Constructed

CANNOT BE CHANGED CHANGEABLE

-only women can give

birth -women can do traditionally
male jobs
-only men can produce
sperm - Men can take good care of
children
MALE and FEMALE are entitled to
have the SAME ROLES
 In some circumstances, an individual’s
assigned sex and gender do not align and
the person may be
GAY, LESBIAN, BISEXUAL
or TRANSGENDER
How does this gender
develop?
 Pink for girls
Dolls are given to girls
Boys are better in Math than girls
Blue for boys
Cars are given to boys
Girls speak words better than boys
GENDER STEREOTYPING
 GENDER STEREOTYPING:

over-generalized belief in the

characteristics of a person based
simply on their gender
GENDER STEREOTYPING:

-limit the potential

of both men and women
GENDER SOCIALIZATION
GENDER SOCIALIZATION
 GAD in the household

1.Verbal
Appellation

-telling children
what they are and
Strong
what is expected boy
Little girl
of them
 3.Manipulation
-People handle girls and boys differently
even as infants

e.g. pink for baby girl; blue for baby boy

 Social Institutions
PEERS SCHOOL

COMMUNITY FAMILY
MEDIA

CHURCH
STATE
 GAD in the community and wider society

Blaming the victim syndrome

(society’s teaches don’t get rape
rather than don’t rape)
Mass Media
(consistently portrays
women as housewives or
worse: emotionally
dependent martrys,
victims or scheming
villanessess.
Advertising uses images to convey or
reinforce gender stereotypes.
In selling product they are not only asking people to buy
the product, but also to buy into the imagery

For instance, females are shown as wives, daughters or

mothers whose joy is to feed their families, keep their
houses clean, and see sons and husbands off to work
 Advertising often uses sexualized images to sell male
oriented products
Women are dehumanized, portrayed as commodities and
sexual objects to used and discarded
GAD in Religion
Gendering process occurs through:

-doctrines
-structure of hierarchy
-symbolism
GAD in the Curriculum
Formal Education
-Differences in disciplining boys and girls
-Differences in terms of the subjects offered such
as electives or practical arts
(home economics, sewing and cooking for girls while
carpentry or automotive repairs for boys)
-Images in textbooks and visual aids
(e.g. men are pictured with neckties, as engineers, lawyers
or sports enthusiasts while women are pictured as
housewives who cooks, clean and raise children)
LANGUAGE reflects culture

most subtle but most pervasive form of gender

socialization

Difficult to separate the way we speak from our

thought processes, so the use of sexist language
will inevitably lead to change in how we perceive
gender

Therefore sexist language is a powerful tool to

maintain gender Ideology
Mr. and Mrs. ___________ and Family

“Kababae mong tao”

Occupation: None (Plain Housewife)

An Employee should wear his ID at all

times
Chairman vs Chairperson

Use of suffixes (-ess, -ette, -enne e.g. heroine vs heroes,

usherrete vs usher

use of sex-linked modifiers e.g. lady doctor vs doctor, female

lawyer vs lawayer, working mothers vs wage earners,
delivery boys vs deliverers

Derogatory terms: chicks vs girls/women, old maid/spinster

vs single; mistress

Lexical gaps: patronage but no matronage

GAD in the Workplace
-HR Policies and practices:

-recruitment, implementation of existing laws (sexual harassment, Magna

Carta, Breastfeeding, solo parents etc.)

-assignment of work roes and positions held

-disparity in salaries

-in consideration of women’s conditions (i.e. marital status, number of

children)

-Working relations

-double standards (wearing of heeled shoes; short skirts)

 Traditional gender roles divide
men and women from each other.

Deny women access to Deny men access to the

the public world of: public world of:

• Work • The Nurturant

• Power (Other oriented world
• Achievement of domestic life)
• Independence • Emotive
However, the good news is

Gender Roles do change.

Remember…
Gender and Development

is not concerned specifically with women, but with the

way in which a society assigns roles, responsibilities and
expectations to both women and men

Because this assignment of roles and responsibilities and

expectations is the reason why we have an imbalance of
power between Women and Men

UNEQUAL POWER RELATIONS!!!

Gender issues are deterrents
to development. Thus, it is
important to address them in
development planning.
 Manifestation of Gender Biases

Marginalization

Subordination

Stereotyping

Gender Division of Labor

Multiple Burden

Violence Against Women

Economic Marginalization
 Women’s work, especially their reproductive
functions of child bearing, child rearing and
family care and housework, are not considered
as directly contributing to economic
development.

 Women suffer discrimination in the workplace

–
◦ 1st to be fired, last to be hired.
◦ Unequal pay for work of equal value
◦ Limited access to training & promotion
opportunities
◦ Lower salary scales for women-dominated
positions
Political Subordination

• Position of power and

leadership in the home,
community, workplace, and
in society at large are
generally occupied by men.
• Preventing or blocking the person from
going up the ladder because of their sex.
 Gender Stereotyping
Ang  Automatic labels, characteristics
babae: or roles given to men and
mahina, women that are dictated by
iyakin, culture and society .
martir, ◦ Society’s institution (family,
pang-BED schools, government,
church, media) reinforced a
Ang lalaki: biased perception of women
malakas, as the weaker sex, and their
matapang, roles, functions and abilities
macho as primarily tied to the
home.
 Gender Division of Labor
GENDER ROLES

MALE FEMALE

Productive Reproductive
Role Role
Community Role
Gender Division of Labor

• The allocation of
differential tasks, roles,
responsibilities and
activities to women and
men according to what is
considered socially and
culturally appropriate.
 Multiple Burden

• Assumption and performance of

several tasks or responsibilities
– Even if women hold jobs outside
the home, essentially putting in
the same working hours as the
men, and participate in
community activities, housework
and child family care are still
primarily considered as a
woman’s concern.
 Violence against Women
• “any harmful act that is
perpetrated against a person’s will
and that is based on socially
ascribed differences between
males and females

– Women become victims simply because of

they are women and occupy a subordinate
status in society.
GENDER-BASED
VIOLENCE
(1) Physical
Violence
(2) Sexual
Violence
(3) Economic
Violence
 (4) Psychological/
Emotional Violence
 (5) Harmful
Traditional Practices
Effects of Gender-Based Violence

1. Health Consequences

Unwanted
Pregnancy
Effects of Gender-Based Violence

Health Consequences

Complications from
Unsafe Abortions
 Effects of Gender-Based Violence

Health Consequences

Sexually Transmitted
Diseases
 Effects of Gender-Based Violence

Health Consequences

Injuries
Effects of Gender-Based Violence

Health Consequences

Mental Health
and Psychological
effects
Effects of Gender-Based Violence

Health Consequences

Death
Effects of Gender-Based Violence

2. Social Consequences

Family Stigma
Effects of Gender-Based Violence

Social Consequences

Job loss due to

absenteeism
Effects of Gender-Based Violence

Social Consequences

Self-blame
Effects of Gender-Based Violence
3. Impact on Family
and Dependents

Family
Break –Up
Effects of Gender-Based Violence
Impact on Family
and Dependents

Baby born
with Health
Disorders
Effects of Gender-Based Violence
Impact on Family
and Dependents

emotional
and
behavioral
disturbances
Effects of Gender-Based Violence
3. Impact on Family
and Dependents

Low self
esteem on
children
Effects of Gender-Based Violence
Impact on Family
and Dependents

increased risk of
growing up to be
either a
perpetrator or a
victim of violence
 All acts of
Gender-Based Violence
are Violations of
Fundamental Human
Rights
Who in the world has human rights?

Who grants human rights?

HUMAN RIGHTS are
universal, inalienable,
indivisible,
interconnected and
interdependent
Acts of Gender-Based Violence violates a number of human
rights principles:

• the right to life, liberty and security of person

• the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and
mental health
• the right to freedom for torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment
• the right to freedom of expression or opinion, to education, to
social security and to personal development
R.A. 7192 Women in Development
and Nation Building Act
 R.A. 7192 Women in Development
and Nation Building Act

NEDA ensures the participation of women as recipients in foreign aid, grants and
loans. It shall determine and recommend the amount to be allocated for the
development activity involving women.
(1) Women shall have the capacity to
borrow and obtain loans
(2) Women shall have equal access to
programs granting agricultural credit, loans
and non-material resources and shall enjoy
equal treatment in agrarian reform programs
(3) Women shall have equal rights to act
as incorporators and enter into insurance
contracts;
(4) Married women shall have rights equal to
those of married men in applying for passport,
secure visas and other travel documents, without
need to secure the consent of their spouses.
(5) Women shall enjoy equal access to
membership in all social, civic and recreational
clubs, committees, associations and similar
other organizations devoted to public purpose.
(6) Equal opportunities for admission,
appointment, training or commissioning of
women all military schools
(7) Married women who devote full time to
managing the household shall upon the working
spouse’s consent be entitled tom voluntary PAG-
IBIG, GSIS or SSS coverage to the extent of 1/2of the
salary and compensation of working spouse
RIGHTS OF WOMEN GUARANTEED UNDER THE
R.A. 9710 / MAGNA CARTA OF WOMEN
1. Protection of all forms of violence
2. Protection and security in times of disasters, calamities
and other crisis situations
3. Participation and Representation
4. Equal Treatment before the Law
5. Equal access to education, scholarships
and training
6. Equal Participation in Sports
7. Non-discrimination in employment in the field
of military, police and other similar services
8.Non-discriminatory and non-derogatory
portrayal of women in media and film
9. Comprehensive Health Care Services and
Health Info and Education
10. Equal rights in all matters relating to
marriage and family relations
 SOCIAL RESPONSES
TO GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
 SOCIAL RESPONSES
TO GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
1. Health Care Services
 SOCIAL RESPONSES
TO GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
2. Victim Assistance Services
 SOCIAL RESPONSES
TO GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
3. Legal Responses
 SOCIAL RESPONSES
TO GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
4. Working with Perpetrators
 SOCIAL RESPONSES
TO GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
5. Media Information
and Awareness Campaign
 SOCIAL RESPONSES
TO GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
6. Faith-Based Programs
 SOCIAL RESPONSES
TO GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
7. Conduct of Gender Equality/ Gender and
Development/ Gender Sensitivity Seminars
 SOCIAL RESPONSES
TO GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
8. Improving Local Legislations directly
linked to Gender-Based Violence
 SOCIAL RESPONSES
TO GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
9. Strengthening and Enhancing
Multi-Sectoral Services at all levels.
 Let’s
Review
 Differentiating sex and gender
SEX GENDER
Biological Fact Socially and culturally
constructed
Natural attribute that a Created, produced,
person is born with reproduced and maintained
by social institutions
Natural. Born. Fixed. Acquired/learned. Can be
unlearned.
Sex characteristics are Gender characteristics are
universal not universal. It may differ
from society to society.
 Differentiating sex and gender
SEX GENDER

Sex characteristics are Gender characteristics are

equally valued and equally marked by inequality
important
Uses terms like male and Uses terms like masculine
female and feminine
Fixed. Sex roles can be Interchangeable. Gender
performed by only the male roles can be performed by
or the female both sexes
Constant regardless of time Time and place-bound
place
 Differentiating SEX from GENDER QUIZ
Statement G S
1. Women give birth to babies, men do not.

2. Little girls are gentle, boys are rough.

3. According to UN statistics, women do 67% of the

world’s work, yet their earnings amount only to
10% of the world’s income.

4. In the rural areas, women are paid lower than the

wage for men.
5. Women can breast-feed babies, men can
bottle-feed babies.
 Differentiating SEX from GENDER QUIZ
Statement G S
6. Most-building site workers in the Philippines are
men.
7. In Ancient Egypt, men stayed at home and did
weaving. Women handled family business.
Women inherited property and men did not.
8. Men’s voices break at puberty, women’s do not.

9. In one study of 224 cultures, there were 5 in which

men did all the cooking and 36 in which women
did all the house building.
10 In one documented case, a child who was brought
up as a girl, then learned that he was actually a
boy, his school marks improved dramatically.
 Picture Association Game
What comes to mind when they see a picture

• The participants will be showed pictures that

they have to classify under the word WOMAN
and MAN.
Husband and Wife
Switching
A man was sick and tired of going
to work every day while his wife
stayed home.

He wanted her
to see what he
went through
so he prayed:
 “Dear Lord: I go to work every day and put
in 8 hours while my wife merely stays at
home. I want her to know what I go through.
So, please allow her body to
switch with mine for a day. God,
in his infinite wisdom, granted
the man's wish. ...
The next morning,
sure enough, the
man awoke as a
woman...
He arose, cooked
breakfast for his
mate... Awakened the
kids, Set out their
school clothes, Fed
them breakfast, Packed
their lunches, Drove
them to school,
Came home and
picked up the dry
cleaning, Took it to the
cleaners And stopped
at the bank to make a
deposit, Went grocery
shopping, Then drove
home to put away the
groceries, Paid the bills
and balanced the
check book.
He cleaned the cat's
litter box and bathed
the dog... Then, it was
already 1 P.M. And he
hurried to make the
beds, do the laundry,
vacuum, Dust, and
sweep and mop the
kitchen floor.
Ran to the school to pick up the
kids and got into an argument
with them on the way home.
Set out milk and cookies and got
the kids organized to do their
homework. Then, set up the
ironing board and watched TV
while he did the ironing.
At 4:30 he began peeling
potatoes and washing
vegetables for salad,
breaded the pork chops and
snapped fresh beans for
supper. After supper, He
cleaned the kitchen, Ran the
dishwasher, Folded laundry,
bathed the kids, and put
them to bed. At 9 P.M.
He was exhausted and,
though his daily chores
weren't finished, he went to
bed where he was
expected to make love,
which he managed
to get through
without complaint.
The next morning, he awoke and
immediately knelt by the bed and
said: -
Lord, I don't know
what I was
thinking. I was so
wrong to envy my
wife's being able to
stay home all day.
Please, Oh! Please,
let us trade back..
Amen!'
The Lord, in his infinite wisdom, replied:
"My son, I feel you have learned your lesson
and I will be happy to change things back to
the way they were. But you'll have to wait
nine months, though…”
You got pregnant last night."
END OF PRESENTATION 

Thank you very much!!!