Education Challenges in

the Global Community

Reported by:
Alleli Faith P. Leyritana
Education Challenges
 Statement from the United Nations Secretary-General -Ban Ki-moon,
September 2012
 Education is a major driving force for
human development. It opens doors to
the job market, combats inequality,
improves maternal health, reduces child
mortality, fosters solidarity, and
promotes environmental stewardship.
Education empowers people with the
knowledge, skills and values they need
to build a better world. 
The UN Sec-Gen. Initiative focuses
on three priorities:
 First, putting every child in school. 

 Second, improving the quality of learning. 

 Third, fostering global citizenship. 

 Put Every Child in School

 Barriers to school enrolment and completion

 Unaffordable costs

 Shortage of classrooms

 Humanitarian emergencies, especially conflict

 Gender discrimination

 Child labour
Third World Countries in Terms of
Poverty
 The least developed countries (LDCs) are a
group of countries that have been identified
by the UN as "least developed“.

 There are 50 countries listed in the United

Nations comparative analysis of poverty,
34 African countries, 10 Asian countries, 5
Pacific Island Nations and one Caribbean
nation.
 Improve the Quality of
Learning
 Barriers to Quality Learning

 Shortage of qualified teachers.

 Lack of learning materials.
 Weak foundation for early learning.
 Challenging family environments.
 Mismatch of skills and today’s livelihoods.
 Language barriers.
 Hunger and poor nutrition.
 Ineffective systems to evaluate the performance

of students.
 Foster Global Citizenship
 Barriers to Global Citizenship
 Legacy of the current education system.
 Outmoded curricula and learning materials.
 Lack of teacher capacity.
 Inadequate focus on values.
 Lack of leadership on Global Citizenship.
 ICT in Teaching and Learning

 Research has shown that ICT tools utilized in

classrooms enhances the learning process in the
following ways:
◦ Students can access information that is available
worldwide
◦ The most cost effective means for bringing the world
into the class room
 Foster inquiry and exploration
 The integration of modern ICT tools into
teaching/learning process has potential to
enhance the environment for learning.
 Motivate and engage students in learning
process. Images, sound, colours and movement
can stimulate the students learning capabilities.
Education and Communication and
Information Technology
The Value of Information and Communication Technologies
(ICT) in Education
What are the benefits of Information and Communication
Technologies in Education?
A. Student Benefits of ICT- Enabled
Personalized Learning
B. School-Wide Benefits-Measurable Teacher
Outcomes
C. Greater Community Involvement
D. Supporting Economic Development
E. Enhanced Teamwork and Cooperation
Education and Communication and
Information Technology
F. Bridging the Gender Gap
G. Sound Educational Investment
H. Increased Global Competition
I. Enriched STEM Learning
J. Increased Global Collaboration
K. Improved Academic Reporting
L. Fostering Workforce Development
Challenges of ICT on
Education
 Lack of qualified and experience ICT literate
human resource in the country
 Lack of affordable ICT tools
 Lack of power especially in the remote areas
 Lack of reliable communication networks
 Fortunately, despite all these and other
challenges
◦ There is a strong desire especially amongst the young
generation in Afghanistan to learn ICT tools
- The creation of a safe and constructive work
environment is essential in the country, which our
government must create.

 In conclusion: ICT must be integrated within the education

system
Education for Sustainable
Development
Definition of Education for Sustainable Development
 develops and strengthens the capacity of individuals,

groups, communities, organizations and countries to

make judgements and choices in favour of sustainable
development,
 promote a shift in people’s mindsets and in so doing

enable them to make our world safer, healthier and

more prosperous, thereby improving the quality of life,
 can provide critical reflection and greater awareness

and empowerment so that new visions and concepts

can be explored and new methods and tools developed
(UNECE 2005, 1; UNECE, 2009, 15).
Sustainable Development
 Sustainability requires alleviation of poverty, a decline in
fertility, the substitution of human capital for natural
resources, effective demand for environmental quality and a
responsive supply.”
 T. Panayotou, Green Markets: The economics of Sustainable
Development, Institute for Contemporary Studies, 1993
 “The range of products and processes that now exist –and the
environmentally unfriendly approaches to production and
consumption that underpin them- are the result of
companies’ choices over product and process innovations
made during the past 20, 50 and in some cases 100 years.”
 K. Green, A. McKeekin and A. Irwin, “Technological
Trajectories and R&D for Environmental Innovations.”,
Futures, Vol 26:1036-52.
The list of policy areas that can be linked to ESD is
extensive. These include:

  environmental issues (climate change; disaster risk

reduction; biodiversity; environmental protection;
natural resource management; urban decay; water
security),
  socio-economic issues (economic growth; poverty;

food prices; child labour; social exclusion; justice; debt-

security; human rights; health; gender equity; cultural
diversity; production and consumption patterns;
corporate responsibility; population growth; migration)
and
  ‘political’ issues (citizenship; peace; ethics; human

rights; democracy and governance) (UNECE, 2005, 4 ;

UNECE, 2009, 17).
Biodiversity
 Variety of living things,
number of kinds
 Ecological diversity
–different habitats, niches,
species interactions
 Species diversity
–different kinds of organisms,
relationships among species
 Genetic diversity
–different genes &
combinations of genes within
populations

Biodiversity.ppt 2
Benefits of Biodiversity
 Ecosystem functions
 Ecosystem services
• Cleaning water,
• Cleaning air,
• Habitat & breeding
areas for wildlife, …
 Aesthetic and cultural
benefits

Biodiversity.ppt 2
Natural Resources
 Management of natural
resources
◦ Assure availability of resources
for the future
◦ Three “philosophies”
 Maximum sustained yield
 Ecosystem-based management
 Adaptive management
 Threats to Biodiversity/ Key Issues to be
solved:
 Extinction and population reductions
◦ Hunting and overharvesting
◦ Habitat loss

Key Issues:
Significantly reduce the rate of biodiversity
loss by 2015,
Reverse the trend in natural resource
degradation
Restore fisheries to their maximum
sustainable yields
Protection of marine environment- based
resources of pollution

2
Threats to Biodiversity
 Extinction and
population reductions
◦ Pollution
◦ Climate change
◦ Invasive species

Biodiversity.ppt 2
Global Climate
Change

 Identifiable change in the

climate of Earth as a whole that
lasts for an extended period of
time (decades or longer)
◦ When due to natural processes, it is
usually referred to as global climate
variability
◦ Usually refers to changes forced by
human activities that change the
atmosphere
 What causes Earth’s climate to
change?

 Changes in the atmosphere

 Natural processes
◦ Volcanoes
◦ Tectonic plate movement
◦ Changes in the sun
 Human activities – any activity that releases
“greenhouse gases” into the atmosphere
Observed
Changes
and
Effects
Warming of Climate
 Warming of the climate is definitely occurring
and can be observed by the:
◦ Increases in global sea and air temperatures
◦ Widespread melting of snow and ice
◦ Rising global sea level
Other Observed Changes and
Effects
 89% of current changes in ecosystems are
consistent with changes expected due to
global climate change
 Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide

levels in atmosphere have increased greatly

due to human activities since 1750 and now
far exceed previous levels
arbon dioxide has increased by approximately
80% since 1970
 Warming and sea level rise
will continue and will
probably occur more quickly
than what we’ve already
seen
 Even if greenhouse gases
are stabilized, this will
probably continue to occur
Possible Future Effects
for centuries
 Some effects may be
permanent
• Effects on Ecosystems
– Coral systems cannot handle
higher temperatures well
– Wildfires will increase
– Up to 30% of species will be
at increased risk for
extinction due to the rapid
changes inPossible
their ecosystems
Future Effects
Economic Development
 During the UN Conference on Environment and
Development in Rio de Janiero, countries represented by
their leaders unanimously adopted Agenda 21, the
blueprint for Sustainable Development. One of the pillars
of Sustainable Development is Economic Development.
Key Issues:
 Poverty Eradication to be halved, by 2015, the portion

of the world’s people with income less than $1/day

 Basic Health Services for all, reduce health risks/ threats
 Increase food availability
 Combat desertification, mitigate effects of droughts and

floods,
 Provision of clean drinking water
 Enhance Industrial productivity
Changing the Unsustainable Patterns of
Consumption and Production

 Cleaner Production Technologies

 Developing cleaner, more efficient energy

technologies
 Maintain urban air quality and health, and

reduce greenhouse gas emissions

 Sound management of chemicals throughout

life cycle, and of hazardous wastes.

Gender Equality
 Women are assuming more power in the world’s
socio-political scene.
 In the context of education, there is a significant
increase of enrollees who are girls.
 In Southeast Asia, only 74 girls were enrolled in the
primary school for every 100 boys in the 1990s.
But in 2012, the enrolment ratios were equal/ the
same for girls as for the boys. (Info from: Luiza
Carvalho, UN Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident
Representative in the Philippines.)
 Health Promotion
“Good Health is vital for eradicating poverty and achieving
sustainable development.”
Key Issues:
Reduce mortality rates in 2015: 66.7% of children and infants
under 5 y.o., 75% for maternal mortality rates
Control and eradicate communicable diseases; reduce HIV
prevalence, combat malaria, and tuberculosis
Ensure that chemicals are not used and produced in ways that
harm human health
Reduce air pollution (UN Conference, August 2011 with UN
Secretary General Kofi Annan)

The UNDP has 3 major Targeted Intervention for the

improvement of Health Services in the Philippines:
◦ 1. Drop Maternal and Child Mortality Rates
◦ 2. Access to medication in fighting viral/fatal diseases
◦ 3. HIV/AIDS Prevention (Luiza Carvalho, UN Resident Representative of
the Philippines, Report as of December 2012)
Maternal mortality ratios at country leve
www.who.int/maternal_health/en
Is the pace of change sufficient?
MDG 6: Combat AIDS, malaria and other diseases

Incidence of HIV infection Prevalence of TB

 Malaria:
◦ 38 countries on track to reduce the malaria-related burden of
disease
◦ 9 African countries; 29 outside Africa
 The poorest are least likely to use health care:
especially use of skilled care during childbirth.

Data for 47 developing countries Maternal mortality ratios at country level

www.who.int/maternal_health/en
Comprehensive estimates: deaths by cause, age,
sex
Adult mortality rates by major cause group and region, 2004
Comparative risk assessment
Percentage of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
attributed to 19 leading risk factors, by country income level, 2004
Health & Human Rights

•Prohibiting, limiting access to health

services is in itself a violation of the rights
of people
•In armed conflicts violations of human
rights may well extend to violations of the
integrity of people
Assistance & Human Security

• Economic
Economi Security
c • Secure
Security access to
Water & Health health
Shelter Services services
• Secure a
safe
environment
Addressing the challenges
 Assist Member States to build sound information
systems that can generate high frequency data to
monitor change
 Promote and assist countries to implement and scale
up vital registration systems
 Work with research partners to develop innovative
methods to collect information on mortality and
cause of death in populations without vital
registration (MOVE-IT)
 Develop improved methods for dealing with
incomplete and biased health data to generate
comparable estimates of core indicators across
countries
 Improve transparency and replicability of statistics
 Improve dissemination and access (Global Health
Observatory)
Sustainable Lifestyles
 Agenda 21, 1992
“The major cause of the continued deterioration of the global
environment is the unsustainable pattern of consumption and
production, particularly in industrialised countries, aggravating poverty
and imbalances”
 Our Common Future, 1987
"Sustainable development requires the promotion of values that
encourages consumption within the bounds of the ecologically possible
and to which all could reasonably aspire“
 Only One Earth, 1972
"But suppose 7 billion try to live like Europeans or Japanese. There is no
way such equations can be worked out. But what 'gives' on the collision
course ? Numbers? Yes - but whose ? Consumption - Yes ? but where ?
Or does the planet itself come under an increasing and irreversible
pressure ?“

Source: Ε. Sartzetakis, The Economic Dimension of Sustainable

Lifestyles
 Lifestyles in developed
countries
Overconsumption of energy: In an
urban environment, 82 out of a
hundred journeys are by car, 12 by
public transport, 6 by bicycle.

 Overconsumption of food

 Expenditure on basic health

nutrition in developing countries
was $13 billion, while the
expenditure on pet food in Europe
and USA $17 billion (According to
the Human Development Report
1998, UNDP)
 Creating Sustainable
1.Lifestyles
The root cause of all our environmental problems (and probably
many of our social problems too) is overconsumption and
population increase
2. Adopt children, if financially possible.
3. Carpool with family, neighbors and friends
4. Cut down on meat as a protein source.
5. Don't use antibiotics unless you absolutely must.
6. Limit the amount of goods you buy. Do you really need twelve
sweaters, twenty-three dresses, nine pairs of jeans and six pairs
of boots?
7. Educate your friends and family without pointing fingers or being
obnoxious or judgmental.
HUMAN SECURITY

1. The concept of human security

2. Human security and humanitarian interventions
3. Human security and relations between stakeholders
4. Human security and the duty to influence political
affairs

Human security: Definition

In essence, human security means safety for people from both violent
and non-violent threats. It is a condition or state of being characterized
by freedom from pervasive threats to people's rights, their safety, or
even their lives.
HUMAN SECURITY:
SAFETY FOR PEOPLE
IN A CHANGING WORLD
(April 1999)
Concept of Human Security

Poverty
Poverty
Remove threats
Human Security
Diseases Economic security
Health security
Environmental security Empowerment
Physical security
Community security
Violence Political security Building better
systems
……..
Challenge of balancing Human Security and
State Security

Types of Protection
Object Threats
Security of

Integrity Interstate war

Traditional The state of the Nuclear proliferation
security Revolution
state

Integrity Disease
Human The Poverty
of the
security individual Violence
individual …..
 Peace, Human Security and Human Development
Conflicts, in all its nature, have been a major impediment to national
development and particularly, efforts to combat poverty.
Loss of life and property, internal displacements, massive migration, re-
channeling of funds to finance militarization and to counter destabilization are
the common fruits of conflicts. Those who are already suffering from poverty
are brought to even worst conditions as a result of internal conflicts.
The Philippines is no stranger to this situation. For decades, it has experienced
conflicts in many forms in the names of religion and political differences. Armed
communist insurgents and Islamic secessionist groups continue to pose a
challenge to peace, stability and the long-term development of the country. This
is particularly evident in the case of Mindanao.
Open conflict in Mindanao has prevented socio-economic gapos programs
from achieving their goals and instead exacted heavy social and economic costs
on affected communities. In fact, there are regions in Mindanao that belong to
that group of regions all the country with the highest incidence of poverty.
Meanwhile, another form of conflict is said to be brewing with a sampling quite
evidently shown in the May 1, 2001 so-called “uprising” of the urban poor. This
manifests a latent source of conflict that is rooted in the prolonged
marginalization and disenfranchisement of the urban poor

Source:
http://hdn.org.ph/2005-philippine-human-development-report-peace-human-security-and-human
-development/
Water and Sanitation
 Around 1.2 billion people still have no access to clean
drinking water
 Around 2.4 billion people do not have adequate sanitation

Key Issues:
 Prevent water pollution to reduce health hazards

 Protect ecosystems

 Introduce technologies for affordable sanitation,

industrial and domestic waste water treatment

 River basin, watershed and groundwater management,

 Support desalination of seawater and water recycling

 Marine environment protection-ocean, seas, the Earth’s

Ecosystems
Challenges of Rapid and Chaotic
Urbanization
 In 1970:
RURAL=63% vs. URBAN= 37%
In 2000:
RURAL=53% vs. URBAN= 47%
By 2030: RURAL=40% vs. URBAN= 60%
Research is from Dr. Anna Tibaijuka, UN Secretary General-UN HABITAT (Population Growth)

Key Issues:
 Slum Areas are growing with rapid population growth

 There are dense slum communities all over the world;

Housing is poor, HIV/ AIDS is passed on easily, there is

poor sanitation and garbage disposal.
 Most people are homeless.
The UN Strategy to combat Global
Urbanization Challenges
 1. Long-Term sustainable urban planning
 2. Pro-poor serviced land
 3. Short-term slum upgrading

There should also be:

1. Adequate Shelter (Women’s Inheritance/Ownership,
Land-Donor Coordination
2. Slum Upgrading Facility- Credits, economics,
designed to link normative qualities to large scale
urban investments
3. Urban Governance- Urban sanitation and water,
Urban environment improved, urban safety,
sustanable relief,HIV/AIDS Education/Training
VALUES
From a Latin word VALERE ,
means strong and vigorous.
 standards or qualities considered

worthwhile and desirable.

Cruz (2003) reminds the stakeholders
in education that Filipino, English,
Mathematics and Science are simple
linguistic
instruments for advancing one’s learning
in
different areas of interest. Mastering all
these tool subjects will not suffice in order
The expression “Values Across
the Curriculum” (Cruz, 2003,
p. 19) in BEC is an advice in
itself that the teaching of tool
subjects includes
Values/Moral Education.
Objectives
Proper implementation of the program will develop
Filipinos who :
Are self – actualized , integrally developed human
beings imbued with a sense of human beings with a
sense of responsibility for their community and
environment ; are productive persons who contribute
to the economic security and development of the
family and the nation ; as citizens have deep sense of
nationalism and are committed to the progress of the
nation as well as of the entire world community
through global solidarity ; and manifest in actual life
an abiding faith in God as a reflection of their
spiritual being.
 PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES

It must be oriented toward the total person of

the the learner – mind , heart, and entire being.
It must take into consideration the unique role
of the family in one’s personal development and
integration into the society and the nation.
In the school context, more important than
lesson plans and any list of values are the
teachers themselves who have the proper sense
of values, awareness of their inner worth and
outmost respect for the person of the other.
 
 
Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao
( Values Education )

At the elementary level, Character Education is

replaced by Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao which
focuses on honing an individual ‘s capacity to
make moral and ethical decisions and actions.
There will be less learning competencies and more
time allotted in this subject.

Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao at the second level is

based on ethics and career guidance. It covers
concepts of self and humanity , moral values,
career choices and responsibility.
It has four themes from
Kindergarten to Grade 10:
 Self and Family Responsibiity
 Treating others as fellow

human beings
(Pakikipagkapwa)
 Contribution to National

Development and World Unity

 God-centeredness and

Preference to Goodness
Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao
Curriculum Framework