INTRODUCTION:

The computer is the human ingenuity. Even its original design in the 1950’s. with the
intervention of the microcomputer ( now also commonly referred to PC’s or personal
computers, the PC has become the tool for program instructions.
 Educators saw much use of the PC. They saw its potential for individualization in
learning, especially as individualized learning is a problem since teachers usually with
a class of forty or more learners. They therefore devised strategies to use the
computer to break the barriers to individualized instruction.
 The computer can be a tutor in effect relieving the teacher of many activities in
his personal role as classroom tutor.
 But it cannot totally replace the teacher because he/she plays an important role
in teaching and learning process in the classroom.
AVAILABLE COMPUTER AND CAI SOFTWARE, THE
TEACHER MUST :
 > Insure the students have the needed knowledge and skills for any computer
activity.
 Decide the appropriate learning objective.
 Plan the sequence and structured activities to achieve objectives.
 Evaluate the student’s achievement by ways of test the specific expected
outcomes.
CAI Integrated with Lesson CAI works best in reinforcement learning through
repetitive exercise such that students can practice basic skills or knowledge in
various subject area.
SIMULATION PROGRAMS
Simulation software materials are another kind of software that is constructivist in
nature. This simulation software:
 Teacher strategies and rules applied to real-life problems/situations.
 Asks students to make decision on models or scenarios.
 Allows students to manipulate elements of a model and get the exercise of the
effects of their decisions.
Instructional Games
While relation to low level
learning
objectives (e.g. basic
spelling or math skills),
instructional computer
games add the
elements of
competition and
challenge.
Problem Solving Software
These are more
sophisticated than the
drill and practice
exercises and allow
students to learn and
improve on their
problem solving ability.
Since problem cannot
be solved simply by
memorizing facts, the
students have to
employ higher thinking
skills such as logic,
recognition, reflection,
and strategy-making.
MULTIMEDIA ENCYCLOPEDIA AND
ELECTRONIC BOOKS
The Multimedia
Encyclopedia can store
a huge database with
texts, images,
animation, audio and
video.
Students can access
any desired
information, search its
vast contents, and
even download/print
relevant portions of
the data for their
composition or
presentation.
ELECTRONIC BOOKS
Provides textual
information for
reading, supplemented
by other types of
multimedia
information (sounds,
spoken words,
pictures, animation).
These are useful for
learning reading,
spelling and word
skills.
CONSTRUCTIVISM
Was introduce by :
 Piaget (1981) and bruner(1990).
 They stress to KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY of new meaning/ concepts/ principles in
the learning process.
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM

This is an effort to show that the construction of knowledge is

governed by
social, historical and cultural context.
Vygotsky
Stressed that learning is
affected by social
influences.
He therefore suggested the
inter active process in
learning.
DEWEY
 Sees language as a medium for
social coordination and
adaptation.
 For dewey human learning is
really human language that
occurs when students socially
share, build and agree upon
meanings and knowledge.
SUMMARY OF TWO
LEARNING PERSPECTIVE