Calibration in measurement is the comparison of

measurement values delivered by a device under test

with those of a calibration standard of known
accuracy.
Calibration is the task associated with establishing an
accurate correspondence between any instrument’s
input and it’s output signal.
 Calibration Procedure
• We need to calibrate different types of instruments efficiently, there are Linear
instruments, Nonlinear instruments, Discrete instruments.
• Linear instruments:
• Linear instrument calibration is so-called as the Zero-span method. Step to do the
procedure:
• Apply the low range value (LRV) to the instrument and note the reading.
• Rotate the Zero adjustment if there is any irregularity in the reading, adjust until
the instrument register accurately at this point.
• Now after setting the LRV, apply the upper range value (URV) to the instrument
and note the reading.
• Rotate the span adjustment until the instrument shows the correct URV reading if
there is any malfunction in the readings.
• Thus we can say our instrument is calibrated and if there is a need for more
accuracy in calibration, add for more points between LRV and URV. Which is
called free-point calibration. Where an instrument is checked at more points such
as in 25%, 50%, 75%, between 0% and 100%.
• There is Up-down, where calibration is done at five points in increasing order and
decreasing order.
• Non-linear instruments:
• Zero - Span adjustment can’t be used in non -linear
instruments because the characteristics of the instrument
will be in square root chara or any other complex chara, so
we cannot predict the accuracy by calibrating by only
calibrate five-points in the range.
• Each specific instruments have it’s own calibration
procedure, calibration technique will be explained in the
manufacturer’s manual. As the calibration of nonlinear
instruments is not simple as for linear calibration reset
option will be allowed for instruments. You can simply press
the reset button to go back to the original position if you
are confused or stuck.
• iscrete instruments:
• The discrete instrument is referred to as have to state
operation True or False otherwise On/off function. A
discrete instrument makes the condition true or false if the
process reached the setpoint.
• The most discrete instrument has one calibration
adjustment switch, the set-point and there are some other
instruments having two adjustment switch one the set-
point and deadband adjustment. The porpuse of deadband
adjustment is to provide an adjustable buffer that must be
transfered before the switch changes the state. A set-point
switch switch is used to increase or decrease the set point