STATISTICS and

PEOBABILITY
 Random Variable Probability Distribution

Properties Types Discrete Distribution Continuous Distribution

Uniform Normal Distribution t- distribution

Binomial Binomial Distribution

Expected Value Variance

Poisson

Discrete Continuous
 Random variable

 Is a variable whose values depend on the outcomes of an experiment. It is

a function that maps the outcome of an experiment to real numbers.
 Random – based on chance
 Number a random variable
 Experiment of tossing three coins at the
same time
 x = number of head

Possible HHH HTH THH HHT HTT TTH THT TTT

Outcome

Value of 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 0
x

 A random variable is a rule that assigns a number to each outcome of a

chance experiment
 Other example of random variables
 The sum of the numbers that turn up when a pair of dice is tossed
 The distance leaped in meters by a long jumper in a competition
 The length of time in minutes that a scheduled airplane flight is delayed
 The number of correct answers a student get in a 10 item true- false test
 The length of time it takes a swimmer to complete a 100 meter freestyle race
 The number of defective items in a sample of 10 production items randomly
selected from a manufacturing process
Two types of Random Variables

 A discrete random variable

 A continuous random variable

Discrete random variable

 Is easily identified by determining the values it may assume. If the number

of values that the random variable may assume can be counted, It must
be discrete. Typical example of discrete random variables are:
 The number of defective bolts in a sample of 10 bolts drawn from the
production
 The number of people in the waiting line in a doctors clinic
 The number of automobile accidents per year in metro manila
Continuous random variable
 The word continuous as an adjective means proceeding without
interruption, It in on self provides the key for identifying continuous
random variables. We look for measurements with a set of values
that form points on a line with no interruptions on intervening
spaces between them
 Typical example of Continuous random variable
 The height of a human
 The length of life of a cell phone battery
 The amount of sugar in an apple
 Seatwork no. 1

Determine whether the given random variable is discrete or continuous

1. The length of time in seconds it takes for a ball to return to the ground when tossed
vertically upward
2. The number of even numbers that are drawn from a winning 6 number lotto
combinations
3. The number of persons who can fit in a single run of an elevator
4. The number of sandwiches sold in one day at a school canteen
5. The time it takes for the winner of a five kilometer race to cross the finish line
6. The height in meters of a student randomly chosen from a senior class
 Discrete Probability Distributions

 Every random variable is associated with a probability distribution that

describe it completely. It is common to define discrete random variables in
terms of their probability mass function and continuous random variables in
terms of their probability distribution function. Both variables can also be
defined in terms of cumulative distribution function.
 The probability mass function of a discrete random variable X is a list of the
values of X with their associated probabilities. That is , the list of all possible
pairs ( x,P(X= x))
 The cumulative distribution function of X is defined as P(X≤ x)
 We can view a discrete probability distribution in several ways such as in
tabular, algebraic and graphical forms or histogram.
 Experiment of tossing three coins at the
same time
 x = number of head

Possible HHH HTH THH HHT HTT TTH THT TTT

Outcome

Value of 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 0
x