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BY SHIVANGANI RAWAT
POLYMERS AND POLYMERIZATION
POLYMERS
• Large molecules formed by smaller repeating units (Monomers).
• Process of forming polymers from monomers- Polymerization.
CLASSIFICATION OF POLYMERS
(A) BASED ON SOURCE
NATURAL POLYMERS
• (derived from plants and animals)
• E.g. Proteins, cellulose
SEMI- SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
• (derived from natural polymers)
• E.g. Rayon, cellulose nitrate
SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
• (derived from chemicals- Man made)
• E.g. Polythene, Nylon-6,6
CLASSIFICATION OF POLYMERS
(B) BASED ON STRUCTURE
LINEAR POLYMERS
• Long and straight chain
• E.g. High density polythene, PVC
BRANCHED POLYMERS
• Linear chain with some branches
• E.g. Low density polythene
CROSS-LINKED POLYMERS
•Formed by bifunctional or trifunctional monomers.
•E.g. Bakelite, melamine
CLASSIFICATION OF POLYMERS
(C) BASED ON MODE OF POLYMERIZATION
ADDITION POLYMERS
formed by the repeated addition of monomer molecules containing multiple bonds
HOMOPOLYMER: Formed by one kind (same) monomers.
E.g.
2. CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION or
(STEP GROWTH POLYMERIZATION)
ADDITION POLYMERISATION
(CHAIN GROWTH POLYMERISATION)
• Monomers - unsaturated compounds ( same or different)
• takes place through free radical mechanism.
Free radical
mechanism
• chemically inert.
• resistant to attack by corrosive reagents.
• used in the manufacture of oil seals and gasket and non-stick kitchen wares.
CONDENSATION POLYMERISATION
(STEP GROWTH POLYMERISATION)
• repetitive condensation reaction between two bi-functional monomers.
• elimination of some smaller molecules like H2O, NH3, HCI, ROH, etc., therefore it is also named as
step Growth Polymerisation.
• For example: Dacron
SOME IMPORTANT CONDENSATION
POLYMERS
POLYAMIDES
• polymers possessing amide linkages (-NH-CO-).
• These polyamides are known as nylons.
Nylon 6:
Monomer : Caprolactum
• used in making stocking, socks, ropes, Parachutes, fabrics, bristles of tooth brush.
Melamine – Formaldehyde Polymer
• Monomers: Melamine and formaldehyde
Rubber
Synthetic Natural
Rubber Rubber
Neoprene Buna-N
NATURAL RUBBER
• Monomer: Isoprene
• elastic properties.
CH2=CH‒OCOCH3
Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) Making latex, paint
Vinylacetate
CH2=CH‒CH=CH2
BUNA rubber Manufacture of tyres and hoses
1,3-Butadiene