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SKILLS LAB
D E PA R T M E N T O F C H I L D H E A LT H
U N I V E R S I TA S PA D J A D J A R A N
H A S A N S A D I K I N H O S P I TA L B A N D U N G
2015
Diarrheal diseases account for 1 in 9
child deaths worldwide, making
diarrhea the second leading cause of
death among children under the age of
5.
For children with HIV, diarrhea is even
more deadly; the death rate for these
children is 11 times higher than the rate
for children without HIV.
Despite these sobering statistics,
strides made over the last 20 years
Diarrhea kills 2,195 children every day
have shown that, in addition to rotavirus
more than AIDS, malaria, and measles vaccination and breastfeeding, diarrhea
combined prevention focused on safe water and
improved hygiene and sanitation is not
only possible
Diarrhea is the second leading cause of
death among children under five globally.
• Mothers usually know when their children have diarrhoea and may
provide useful working definitions in local situations
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CLASSIFICATION OF DIARRHEA
INFECTION
CARBOHYDRATE MALABSORPTION
ALERGY
FOOD POISONING
S. dysenteriae Campilobacter
Amuba
E coli
Salmonella
SECRETORY DIARRHEA
Selective Antibiotics
duration of diarrhea;
presence of blood in the stool;
number of watery stools per day;
number of episodes of vomiting; swollen;
diaper rash
presence of fever, cough, or other important
problems (eq.convulsions, recent measles);
pre-illness feeding practices;
type and amount of fluids (including breast
milk) and food taken during the illness;
Last mixiy, weight before..
drugs or other remedies taken;
immunization history.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
EVALUATION A B C
FLUID DEFICIT < 5% of body wt or < 50 5-10% of body wt or 50-100 > 10% of body wt or > 100
ml/kg body wt ml/kg of body wt ml/kg of body wt
MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE DIARRHEA
(WITHOUT BLOOD)
Prevent dehydration
Treat dehydration when present
Prevent malnutrition
Reduce duration and severity of diarrhea and occurence of
future episodes by giving supplemental zinc
• Many diarrhea deaths are caused by dehydration.
• Dehydration from acute diarrhoea of any aetiology and at any age,
except when it is severe, can be safely and effectively treated by Oral
Rehydration Salts (ORS)
Fluids to be given
• ORS
• Salted drinks eg. salted rice water or salted yoghurt drink
• Vegetable or chicken soup with salt
• Home based ORS: 3 gm of table salt and 18 gm of common sugar in
one liter of water.
Sumber: WHO.2005.7
TREATMENT PLAN B: