THINK-PAIR-SHARE

Look at the picture on

the side.

What are needed

for these
appliances to
operate?
 Analyze the picture to describe electricity

What do the pictures show?

What is electricity and how it is produced?
ELECTRICITY the flow of electric charge resulting from
the existence of charged particles such as electrons or
protons, either statically as an accumulation of charge or
dynamically as a current.

The word "electricity" is sometimes used to mean

"electrical energy". They are not the same thing -
electricity is a transmission medium for electrical energy,
like sea water is a transmission medium for wave energy.
How does static electricity
different from current
electricity?
Static electricity is the
result of an imbalance
between negative and
positive charges in an object.
-When electricity is at rest, it
is called static electricity.
It refers to the electric
charges that build up on the
surface of materials or
substances.
- Static electricity is generated by
friction, or sudden contact – for
instance, rubbing two materials
against each other.
Current electricity is a
phenomenon of moving electrons
in a particular path, or direction,
such as a stream of them flowing
through conducting materials.
Current electricity can come from
various sources. The most
commonly used source of current
electricity is from batteries. These
batteries rely on the chemical
reactions within them to produce
electricity.
The relationship of current
to voltage and resistance in
an electrical circuit.
How electrical charge relates to voltage, current, and
resistance?

What voltage, current, and resistance are?

What Ohm's Law is and how to use it to understand

electricity?
Electrical Charge
Electricity is the movement of electrons. Electrons create charge, which
we can harness to do work. Your lightbulb, your stereo, your phone, etc.,
are all harnessing the movement of the electrons in order to do work.
They all operate using the same basic power source: the movement of
electrons.
The three basic principles can be explained using electrons, or more
specifically, the charge they create:
•Voltage is the difference in charge between two points.
•Current is the rate at which charge is flowing.
•Resistance is a material's tendency to resist the flow of charge
(current).
•Water = Charge
•Pressure = Voltage
•Flow = Current
Voltage is the amount of potential energy between two points on a circuit.

It is measured in volts, which, technically, is the potential energy difference

between two points that will impart one joule of energy per coulomb of charge
that passes through it

The unit "volt" is named after the Italian physicist Alessandro

Volta who invented what is considered the first chemical battery.

Voltage is represented in equations and schematics by the letter "V".

Current is measure of the amount of electric charge flowing through
the circuit over a period of time.

Current is measured in Amperes (usually just referred to as "Amps").

An ampere is defined as 6.241x10^18 electrons

(1 Coulomb) per second passing through a point in a circuit. t is named
after André-Marie Ampère.
Amps are represented in equations by the letter "I".
Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow
in an electrical circuit.

Resistance is measured in ohms, symbolized by the

Greek letter omega (Ω) ", which is called omega, and
pronounced "ohm".

Ohms are named after Georg Simon Ohm (1784-1854), a

German physicist who studied the relationship between
voltage, current and resistance.
What Ohm's Law is
and how to use it to
understand electricity?
Activity: Problem Solving

A1.) A current of 5 A flows through a coil of wire when the potential difference
across it is 240 V. What is the resistance?
A2.) A potential difference of 5 V is applied to a 1 kΩ resistor. What current would
you expect to flow?
A3.) What voltage is needed to pass a current of 0.1 A through a 10 kΩ resistor?
B1.) What voltage is needed to pass a current of 0.5 A through a 500 Ω resistor?
B2.) A voltage of 180 V is applied to a 60 Ω resistor. What current would you expect
to flow?
B3.) A current of 5 A flows through a filament bulb when the voltage across it is 220
V. What is the resistance of the filament bulbs?
B4.) 0.8 A flows through a 100 Ω resistor. What is the voltage across the resistor?
What is the relationship of Voltage, Current and
Resistance in a circuit?
1. Static electricity is caused by the build up of electrical
charges on the surface of objects, while current electricity is a
phenomenon from the flow of electrons along a
conductor.Which type of electricity moves along a pathway to
turn on a light?

a. static electricity
b. lightning energy
c. turbine electricity
d. current electricity
Refer to the diagrams of current and charge below.

2. Based on the diagrams, which of the following statements correctly describes

the relationship of current and charge?
a. The static particle has charge and the movement of charges is known as the
current.
b. The current is the property of matter whereas the charge is the rate of flow of
charged particles called electrons.
c. The current experiences the force only in the electrical field, whereas the
charge experience the force both in the electric and magnetic field.
d. The coulomb is the unit of electric current, whereas the charge is measured in
3. Ohm's law defines the relationship between the voltage, current, and
resistance in an electric circuit: The equation of Ohm’s law can be represented as
i = v/r. Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship
between current, voltage and resistance?
a. The current (i) flowing through a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage
(v), and inversely proportional to the resistance (r).

b. The voltage (v) is directly proportional to the resistance (r) and inversely
proportional to the current (i).

c. The current (i) is directly proportional to the voltage (v), and resistance (r).

d. The voltage (v) is inversely proportional to the resistance (r) and current (i).
4. What is the resistance of a toaster that uses 5 A of current when connected
to a 120-volt power source?

a. 5 ohms b. 24 ohms c. 120 ohms d. 600 ohms

5. Three resistors: R1 = 5 Ω,R2 = 3 Ω, and R3 = 4 Ω are connected in series

to each other. A voltmeter connected in parallel to resistor R2 measures
voltage of 6 V. What is the current through the battery?

a. 2A b. 3A c. 4A d. 5A