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A homogeneous mixture
Solvent= Water
A. Brass is used to make many
objects. Brass is a solution of zinc
metal in a copper metal.
The Particle
Theory of
Matter states
that “there are
attractive forces
between the
particles”.
In order to dissolve, the particles
must be more strongly attracted
to the particles of the solvent
than to themselves.
This means that the solute is
soluble in that solvent.
If something is ABLE to
dissolve then it is
soluble.
insoluble
Some materials are
good solvents for
some solutes but
not others. For
example, oil is
insoluble in water
but soluble in
gasoline.
Air
Solute: oxygen, carbon
dioxide, other gases Gas
Solvent: nitrogen (most of our
air is actually Nitrogen!!) Gas
Soda:
(a combination of carbon dioxide in
water). Identify water or carbon
dioxide as the solute/solvent and say
which state they are.
Solute: ?
Solvent: ?
State of Solute: ?
State of Solvent: ?
Vinegar:
(a combination of 3% acetic acid
and 97% water). Identify water
or acetic acid as the
solute/solvent and say which
state they are.
Solute: ?
Solvent: ?
State of Solute: ?
State of Solvent: ?
Filtered Sea Water:
(salt in water). Identify
water or salt as the
solute/solvent and say
which state they are.
Solute: ?
Solvent: ?
State of Solute: ?
State of Solvent: ?
Brass
(an alloy of a zinc metal in a
copper metal) Identify zinc
or copper as the
solute/solvent and say
which state they are.
Solute:?
Solvent: ?
State of Solute: ?
State of Solvent: ?
Concentrations of
Solutions
The two cups below each had hot water with a tea
bag sitting in them. The time below the cup
indicates how long the tea bag has been in the cup.
10 minutes 2 minutes
The quantity of solute
that is dissolved in a
certain quantity of the
solvent.
Can be described
qualitatively or
quantitatively.
Using words
such as like
“dilute” or
“concentrated”
Using
numbers. This
is especially
important
when safety is
an issue!
1. Demo of
qualitative
concentration
2. Demo of
quantitative
concentration
#1(a). Food coloring
made the water blue.
Qualitative
(b). Adding 3 mL of
food coloring turned 250
mL of water blue.
Quantitative
#2(a). The water became
warmer. Qualitative
Temperature
Pressure
The smaller the solute particles,
the quicker they will dissolve
faster
The higher the temperature,
the more solute and the faster
the solute will dissolve
faster
Gases are more soluble in liquids
under higher pressure (see page
267)
Opened bottle
decreases pressure
and “bubbles” come
out of solution
**Remember there are 1000mL
in 1 L.
1g/mL = ? g/L
1 x 1000 = 1000
therefore 1000g/L
Practice Problems…
0.3g/mL = ? g/L
300g/L
8.9g/mL = ? g/L
8900g/L