DOWN SYNDROME AND

MENTAL RETARDATION:

PREPARED BY: JENILYN Q. FARNACIO, RPh.

MS-PHARMACY 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Definition of Mental Retardation
• Causes of Intellectual Disability
• Down Syndrome
• Causes of Down Syndrome
• Prenatal Diagnosis
• Diagnosis at Birth
• Pharmacist Proactive Role in
Management of Mental
• Development
 MENTAL RETARDATION

=IQ IS < 70
= limitation in present functioning
= STARTS BEFORE 18
= subaverage INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING
together with 2 or more applicable
ADAPTIVE SKILL
ADAPTIVE SKILLS AREA
DEFICIT IN INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING
• REASONING
• PROBLEM SOLVING
• PLANNING
• ABSTRACT THINKING
• JUDGEMENT
• ACADEMIC LEARNING
• EXPERIENTIAL
LEARNING
DOWN SYNDROME
• “DOWN SYNDROME
OCCURS WHEN AN
INDIVIDUAL HAS A
FULL OR PARTIAL
EXTRA COPY OF
CHROMOSOMES
21”
=TRISOMY 21
 PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS

SCREENING TEST DIAGNOSTIC TEST

PRENATAL SCREENING CHORIONIC VILLUS
BLOOD TEST SAMPLING ( 9-14 WEEKS)
SONOGRAM AMNIOCENTESIS (15-20
WEEKS OF GESTATION)
 PHYSICAL TRAITS OF DOWN
SYNDROME

LOW MUSCLE AN UPWARD SLANT

TONE TO THE EYE

SMALL
A SINGLE DEEP CREASE
STATURE AT ACROSS THE CENTER
OF THE PALM
PHYSICAL TRAITS OF DOWN
SYNDROME
 (MR) /DOWN SYNDROME
ARE THEY USELESS IN THE SOCIETY ?
 ANSWER:
•NO! THEY
ARE
TRAINABLE
SOME OF THE THINGS THEY CAN DO

Autism Research Center Project Yoga Richmond.org

journalstar.com www.personneltoday.com
MENTAL RETARDATION
 PHARMACIST
PROACTIVE ROLE
 FACTORS AFFECTING
ADHERENCE IN PATIENT W/(ID)

CAPACITY TO SOCIOECONOMICAL
LIVING SITUATION
UNDERSTAND FACTOR
• PRONE TO SIDE EFFECTS
AND ADVERSE DRUG
REACTION WITH
COMMON DOSE
DEMENTIA AND PSYCHIATRIC
DISORDER
“INDIVIDUALS WITH DS
HAVE A GREATER RISK
IN DEVELOPING
ALZHIEMER LIKE-
DEMENTIA EARLIER IN
LIFE COMPARED TO
INDIVIDUALS WITHOUT
DS”
THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGE
• “ 6 INFANTS WITH DS
AND APNEA EXHIBIT
REDUCE THEOPHYLLINE
CLEARANCE”
SEIZURE DISORDER
“SEIZURE
DISORDER ARE
ASSOCIATED WITH
DS FROM
CHILDHOOD TO
ADULTHOOD”
THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGE
• “ POLYPHARMACY OF
ANTICONVULSANT MAY
CONTRIBUTE TO SUDDEN
DEATH IN SOME PEOPLE
WITH DS AND EPILEPSY”
HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY
• CHILDREN WITH DS HAVE ELEVATED RISK
OF DEVELOPING HEMATOLOGICAL
MALIGNANCY SUCH AS MYELOID
LEUKEMIA.
• = CYTOTOXIC CHEMOTHERAPY
• = INCREASED ADRS FROM
CHEMOTHERAPY
“THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN ORDINARY AND
EXTRAORDINARY IS
JUST THAT LITTLE
EXTRA”