TOPICS

What Is Network
History
Types Of Networks
Types of servers
Advantages And Disadvantages
 Network
Network, in computer science, a group of computers
and associated devices that are connected by
communications facilities.
Network is an inter connected collection of
autonomous computers.
When two or more computers are joined together so
that they are capable of exchanging information ,
they form a network.
 HISTORY
 Long ago, there was no need for networking as we now
understand it. People lived in stable communities where their
social position and role did not change very much over a
lifetime. They would know at most around 150 people (which
is known as Dunbar's Number
 Actually 'long ago' is not really that long ago. Up to the 18th
century, there was a largely agrarian society with a much
smaller trade sector than we know now and although it
benefited some to build a wide network, for most people it
was an unknown concept.
 The Industrial Revolution
 With the rise of the industrial revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries came the need for businesses
to collaborate and trust a wider range of people and other businesses. It was not enough to develop a
few partners and customers then work with them for the rest of your life, as often happened with
simple artisans and craftspeople.
 In business, risk sharing and resource pooling became more common as a way of 'expanding the pie'
and making more profit for everyone involved.
 Expanding overseas trade needed people to take the longer view and trust others more. Investors had
to trust sea captains. Manufacturers had to trust their suppliers. And business partners needed to
trust one another in order to reduce transaction cost and so increase competitive advantage. Business
also led to a huge increase in insurance, starting with maritime protection and moving on to other
business interests. To insure a person you need to trust them and insurance agents can safely give
lower premiums to those they trust.
 In late eighteenth-century Britain, business people created capital and credit networks. The
consequent increase in trust and decrease in transaction cost led to credit expansion and various
collective forms of economic diversification, as well as an increasing use of the joint-stock form of
business organization.
 The Developing Mode
 As information costs change, so also does the institutional structure of the
economy and so the whole way that businesses worked and interacted evolved
to a system where both collaboration and competition could effectively coexist.
As mentioned, trust is central to collaboration and business where you may be
trusting large sums of money with other people.
 The way a person developed trust was by how they (and in business then it was
mostly men) act. A great deal was placed upon general conduct including
personal integrity, keeping promises, paying debts and having a general sense
of solidity and respectability. What clubs and institutions you belonged to made
a further difference as they gave additional strong indication of your underlying
values and concern. The codes of how one dressed and treated others were not
written but became widely understood.
 These Days
 These days, the interconnectedness of the industrial revolution has intensified
into the knowledge economy, where jobs are increasingly mobile and flexible.
 In all this, who you know is still hugely important and can be important than
what you know and many jobs come through contacts (your author, for
example, has changed jobs quite a few times but has not applied through an
advert for over 25 years).
 And the internet has facilitated networking to a new and frenetic level, where
people tweet and post many times per day. With cell phones and social
networking we can have endless 'friends', though Dunbar's number still
constrains the number of people we can realistically know.
 There is now a 'Millennial Generation' who have known nothing but being
permanently connected and how they will continue to live their lives and the
impact of this connectedness has yet to be played out.
 Types
Personal Area Network (PAN)
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Campus Area Network (CAN)
Personal Area Network (PAN)
 A personal area network is a computer network organized
around an individual person.
 It generally consists of a mobile computer, a cell phone or
personal digital assistant. PAN enables the communication
among these devices.
 It can also be used for communication among personal
devices themselves for connecting to a digital level network
and internet.
 The PANs can be constructed using wireless or cables.
Local Area Network (LAN)
 LAN is a network which is designed to operate over a small
physical area such as an office, factory or a group of buildings.
 LAN’s are easy to design and troubleshoot
 Exchange of information and sharing of resources becomes easy
because of LAN.
 In LAN all machines are connected to a single cable.
 Different types of topologies such as star, tree, bus, ring, etc Can
be used
 It is usually a privately owned network.
 Wide Area Network (WAN)
 When network spans over a large distance or when the
computers to be connected to each other are at widely separated
locations a local area network cannot be used. A wide area
network(WAN) is installed.
 The communication between different users of WAN is
established using leased telephone lines, satellite links and similar
channels.
 It is cheaper and more efficient to use the phone network for the
link.
 Most WAN networks are used to transfer large blocks of data
between its users.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
It is in between LAN & WAN technology that
covers the entire city.
It uses similar technology as LAN.
It can be a single network such as cable TV
network, or a measure of connecting a number of
LAN’s o a large network so that resources can be
shared LAN to LAN as well as device to device.
Campus Area Network (CAN)
The campus area network is made up of an
interconnection of LAN with limited
geographical area.
Network equipments such as switches,
routers and the transmission media i.e.
optical fiber etc are almost entirely owned by
the campus owner.
Pictures
 Types Of Server
File Server
Print Server
Application Server
Message Server
Database Server
 Types Of Servers
• File server: These servers provide the services for storing, retrieving and
moving the data. A user can read, write, exchange and manage the files
with the help of file servers.
• Printer server: The printer server is used for controlling and managing
printing on the network. It also offers the fax service to the network users.
• Application server: The expensive software and additional computing
power can be shared by the computers in a network with the help of
application servers.
• Message server: It is used to co-ordinate the interaction between users,
documents and applications. The data can be used in the form of audio,
video, binary, text or graphics.
• Database server: It is a type of application server. It allows the user to
access the centralized strong database.
 Advantages And
Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
 Increased speed Reduced cost  High cost of installation
 Improved security
 Requires time for
 Centralized software
managements
administration
 Electronic mail  Failure of server
 Flexible access  Cable faults
THE END
SAHIL NISSAR