A PRESENTATION ON

AUTOMATION USING PLC

AND

AC DRIVE
 What Is Automation ?

Automation is basically the delegation of human control

function to technical equipment for

•Increasing Productivity
• Increasing Quality
• Reducing Cost
• Increasing Safety in working conditions
 Types Of Automation
 Industrial Automation
example: Automated bottle filling,Automatic Water
management system,Automatic gate open and close,Automatic
traffic signal control,Home Automation.
 Builiding Automation
example: lifts,smoke detectors
 Office Automation
example: printers,cc tv cameras
 Scientific Automation
example: rocket launching
 Light Automation
example: street solar lighting
 Why Automation required in
Industry
Productivity

Total Automation Manufacturing

Competitiveness
Plant Solution

Quality Labour Cost

History Of Automation

Programmable Logic Controller

Electronic Control using Logic Gates
Hard wired logic Control
Pneumatic Control
Manual Control
 Manual Control

Allthe actions related to process control are taken by the

operators

Drawbacks

Likely human errors and consequently its effect on

quality of final product

 The production, safety, energy consumption and usage of

raw material are all subject to the correctness and accuracy
of human action.
 Pneumatic Control
Industrial automation, with its machine and process control,
had its origin in the 1920s with the advent of "Pneumatic
Controllers".
Actions were controlled by a simple manipulation of
pneumatic valves, which in turn were controlled by relays and
switches.

Drawbacks

• Bulky and Complex System

• Involves lot of rework to implement control logic
• Longer project time
 Hard Wired Logic Control

The contactor and Relays together with hardware timers and

counters were used in achieving the desired level of automation

Drawbacks

• Bulky panels
• Complex wiring
• Longer project time
• Difficult maintenance and troubleshooting
 Electronic Control Using Logic
Gates
 In 1960s with the advent of electronics, the logic gates started
replacing the relays and auxiliary contactors in the control
circuits.
The hardware timers & counters were replaced by electronic
timers
Advantages
•Reduced space requirements
•Energy saving
•Less maintenance & greater reliability
Drawbacks
•Changes in control logic not possible
•More project time
Programmable Logic Controllers

The programmable logic controller is an industrial computer

that monitors input,make decisions based on its program and
control the output to automate a process or machine.

The automation of many different process,such as controlling

machines or factory assembly lines,is done through the use of
small computers called a programmable logic controller(PLCs)
 Why PLC?
 To reduce human efforts
 To get maximum effeciency from machine and
control them with human logic.
 To reduce complex circutry of entire time.
 To eliminate high cost associated with
inflexible,relay controlled system.
 What Constitutes A PLC ?

 The PLC is programmed interface between the field I/p

element like limit switches, sensors, push button and
the final control elements like actuator,
solenoid/control valves, drives, hooters etc

 PLC consist of
 Input Module
 CPU with Processor and Program memory
 Output module
 Bus System
 Power Supply
 Components(i/O Module)
 Input module accepts and converts signal from sensors into a
logic signal.
example: switches,pushbuttons.
 Output module that convert control instructions a signal that
can be used by actuators.
example: lamps,alarm.
INPUT PLC OUTPUT
 Components (Cpu&memory)
 Central processing unit (CPU)
it is the brain of plc and governs the activity of entire
plc system.
Operations are:
1.Scanning I/O bus traffic control
2.Programme execution and external device communication
 Memory
it is the component that stores informations,programme
and data in a PLC.
RAM and ROM memory used in a PLC.
Components (POWER SUPPLY&PROGRAMMING DEVICE

 Power supply
Provides the voltage needed to run
the primary plc components.

 Programmng device
The programming terminal is used for
programming the PLC and monitoring/sequencing
PLC operation.
Sensors ( Field Instruments )
 Sensors with transmitters are the field
devices placed in the field who actually sense
the parameter and send the analog signal to
the control hardware.

 The analog signals used are Ohm (RTD), mV

(Thermocouple), 4-20 mA, +/-10 V, etc
 Configuration Of PLC : Allen
Bradley

CPU

I/O Modules
Power Supply
 Networking Of Plcs
Supervisory HMI

Modicon : Modbus +, Uniteleway, Ethernet

Allen Bradley : DH+, DH485, Ethernet, Control Net, Devicenet
Siemens : Sinec L1/L2/H1, Profibus
PLC Operation
 PLC Programming
 Ladder logic is a programming language used to devlop
software for PLC used in industrial control applications.
 Ladder Logic Example
 OR operation:

 In the above diagram it can be seen that either Input 0 or 1 is

true(1),or both are true, than output 0 is true(1)
 Areas Of Application
 Manufacturing/machining
 Textile Industry
 Travel Industry
 Aerospace
 Printing Industry
 Advantages Of Plcs

 Reduced space
 Energy saving
 Ease of maintenance
 Economical
 Greater life & reliability
 Tremendous flexibility
 Shorter project time
 Easier storage, archiving and documentation