Mendelian Inheritance

Presented by : GROUP 5
GREGOR MENDEL

• Gregor Johann Mendel

• Austrian monk
• Known as the
“Father of Modern Genetics”
• Born on July 20 ,1822
• Died on January 6,1884
WHAT IS MENDELIAN
INHERITANCE?
Mendelian inheritance refers to an
inheritance pattern that follows the laws
of segregation and independent
assortment in which a gene inherited from
either parent segregates into gametes at
an equal frequency.
He grew up in an
agricultural area.
He entered in Augustanian
Monastery at age 21.
Heredity was believed to involved
a blending of attributes
Like colors
• In the monastery he had a garden
where he plant peas.
REMEMBER THIS !
• Allele - An allele is a variant form of a given gene. Sometimes, different
alleles can result in different observable phenotypic traits, such as
different pigmentation.
• Gene - a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring
and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
• Genotype -the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
• Phenotype - The phenotype of an organism is the composite of the
organism's observable characteristics or traits, including its morphology
or physical form and structure; its developmental processes; its
biochemical and physiological properties; its behavior, and the products
of behavior, for example, a bird's nest.
• Hybrid - hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of
two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through
sexual reproduction. Hybrids are not always intermediates between their
parents, but can show hybrid vigour, sometimes growing larger or taller
than either parent.
Why Pea Plants?
• He used pea plants because it has a number of visble traits
so results are very easy to know
• Like flower color,seed color,seed shape,pod color,pod
shape,flower position, and stem length.
• Pea plants can self-pollinate or cross pollinate.
• Mendel just removed the stamens from
the certain plant
• Then he definitely cross-fertilize the two
plants
 TRUE-BREEDING
PURPLE FLOWER WHITE FLOWER
Hybridization
Mendel’s Law of Segregation
• When sperm and egg unite
at fertilization, each contributes its
allele, restoring the paired
condition in the offspring. This is
called the Law of Segregation.
• Law of Segregation states that two
alleles coding for the same trait
separate during gamete formation.
For example, the gene for seed color in pea plants exists in two forms.
There is one form or allele for yellow seed color (Y) and another for green
seed color (y). In this example, the allele for yellow seed color is dominant,
and the allele for green seed color is recessive. When the alleles of a pair
are different (heterozygous), the dominant allele trait is expressed, and the
recessive allele trait is masked. Seeds with
the genotype of (YY) or (Yy) are yellow, while seeds that are (yy) are
green.
Genetic Dominance
Mendel formulated the law of segregation as a result of
performing monohybrid cross experiments on plants. The specific traits
that were being studied exhibited complete dominance. In complete
dominance, one phenotype is dominant, and the other is recessive. Not all
types of genetic inheritance, however, show total dominance.
Law of Independent Assortment

• The traits of pod color and seed color are transmitted to the
offspring independently of one another.
Law of Independent Assortment

The law of independent assortment states that the alleles for

a trait separate when gametes are formed. These allele pairs
are then randomly united at fertilization. Mendel arrived at this
conclusion by performing monohybrid crosses. These cross-
pollination experiments were performed with pea plants that
differed in one trait, such as the color of the pod.