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Techniques
Dr. Hector M. Perez, RPsy, RPm
Outline
• Introduction
• Basic of Counseling
• Counseling Process
• Client-Counselor Relationship
• Counseling Skills
• Counseling Techniques
• Counseling Simulation
Introduction
• In introducing yourself, kindly include the
following information:
– How long have you been doing counseling?
– What students’ concerns are usually
presented to you during counseling
sessions?
– Any memorable students’ concern that you
handled and what was the outcome?
COUNSELING
• An interactive process characterized by a
unique relationship between the counselor
and client that leads to change in one or
more of the following areas:
Behavior
Beliefs or emotional concerns relating to
perceptions
Level of emotional distress
COUNSELING PROCESS
• Counselor • Client
Greater objectivity Experience with the
Training in problem
Normal and History of the problem
Abnormal Potential insights
behavior Awareness of
Process personal investment
experience in change
• Process goals • Outcome goals
Related to establishing Are different for each
therapeutic conditions for client and directly
client change. related to clients’
Includes: changes.
Establishing rapport, Always subject to
Providing a non- modification and
threatening setting, refinement.
and To begin, formulate
Possessing and tentative outcome
communicating goals.
accurate empathy and Modify goals as
unconditional regard. needed to support
effective change.
Interventions
• Objective -- initiate and facilitate client change.
• After assessment and goals setting, answers the
question, “How shall we accomplish these goal?”
• Must be related to the problem.
• Selecting an intervention may become an adaptive
process.
• Skills to initiate include
1.Competency with the intervention;
2.Knowledge of appropriate uses;
3.Knowledge of typical client responses;
4.Observation skills to note client responses.
Termination
Unfinished business
Transference and countertransference
reactions can be grist for the mill
You can use the relationship to help heal from
past.
• Personal support system
– Research suggests the number one factor in
clients improvement is support system (it’s best
if this is both outside and inside the session)
– Counselors should support clients, be a
cheerleader for them
CLIENT- COUNSELOR
RELATIONSHIP
Support communicates
• someone is here for you
• you can count on someone
• I might not approve of what you are
doing, but I approve of you
• there is a person in your life who is
reliable and dependable
• you will not be taken advantage of
• my job is to help you get what you want
CLIENT- COUNSELOR
RELATIONSHIP
• Authentic engagement
– You will like some clients and dislike
others, but you must be genuine and can
use this as immediacy
– If you have have strong reactions to liking
or disliking a client it is imperative that you
discuss this in supervision/ consultation.
Core Conditions
Empathy
Understanding what the client feels and
not just what you would feel if you were the
client.
Genuineness
Being who you are without pretense or
hiding behind the “counselor” role.
Trustworthiness
Congruence
This has to do with the counselor being
genuine with their feedback and beliefs about
their client’s situation and progress. The more
authentic and true they are with their counseling,
the more that their client and work to grow and
benefit from their help.
Exercise on Active Listening
• Select a partner.
• Buzz with your partner a concern that happened a
week ago.
• Take note of the questions being asked.
• Take note of any non-verbal behavior shown by your
partner.
COUNSELING SKILLS
• Listening is not passive. It is important to
indicate that the person is being heard
• Good counselling skills means listening before
acting to solve problems
• Verbal listening skills
Show interest
Gather information
Encourage speaker to develop ideas
Communicate our understanding of ideas
Request clarification of understanding
Build the therapeutic alliance
Listening Skills
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Non verbal attending and observation
1. Take notice of the client’s general state of
anxiety.
2. Establish sense of client’s cultural context.
3. Note gestures , movements that denote
emotional / physical dysfunctions. Non verbal
behavior include eye contacts, head nods, facial
discrimination, body posture and physical
distance between counselor and client
4. Hear how the client frames his / her problems.
5. Note verbal and non-verbal patterns.
A Good Listener
Leading A specific type of • Subtly prompts *Do you talk with your
Question close ended the respondent parents much of the
s question phrased to answer in a time?
in a manner that particular way,
tends to suggest usually the *Isn’t your foster parents
the desired. interviewers giving you the care you
Leading questions way. need?
are generally
undesirable as
they can result in
false or slanted
information.
Questioning Description Purpose Examples
Technique
• Directives
• Reframes and interpretations
• Advice
• Feedback
• Logical consequences
Directives
• Requests to clients to perform some actions.
• Counselors might give home assignments to
keep track of times when clients felt on the
verge of losing control or to note what
conditions seemed to lead to a greater sense of
productivity.
• Works best if clear and concrete
• Serves to:
Move a person to take a specific act
Reframing and Interpretations
• Miracle Question
• The technique of asking a question of this sort will
help the client see the world in a different way or
perspective.
• A miracle question could be something along the
lines of: “What would your world look like if a
miracle occurred? What would that miracle be and
how would it change things?”
COUNSELING TECHNIQUES
• Capping
• A lot of counselors use the technique of capping
during their sessions.
• Capping involves changing a conversation’s
direction from emotional to cognitive if the
counselor feels their client’s emotions need to be
calmed or regulated.
COUNSELING TECHNIQUES
• Proxemics
• This technique has the counselor study the spatial
movements and conditions of communication that
their client exhibits.
• By studying their clients’ body orientation, the
counselor can determine mood, feelings, and
reactions.
COUNSELING TECHNIQUES
• Self-Disclosure
• The counselor will make note when personal
information is disclosed at certain points of
counseling sessions.
• This technique will help the counselor learn more
about the client and use this information only to
benefit them
COUNSELING TECHNIQUES
• Structuring
• When the individual enters counseling, the counselor
should discuss the agenda for the day with their client,
the activities, and the processes that they will go
through.
• This technique in counseling will help the client
understand their counselor’s train of thought into
determining how this routine will work for them. Soon
enough, the client will get used to the routine, and this
establishes comfort and trust in counseling.
COUNSELING TECHNIQUES
• Hierarchy of Needs
• This technique involves the counselor assessing
their client’s level of needs as based on the
progress that they are making.
• The needs that they will factor in are: physiological
needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs,
self-esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. All
these will determine if change needs to take place
in counseling.
Other people are not here to fulfill our needs or
meet our expectations, nor will they always treat
us well. Failure to accept this will generate feelings
of anger and resentment….. Albert Ellis