Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
ENERGY
Tidal Tidal Energy
There are many ways to harness tidal
power,
such as:
Tidal Turbines (most widely used)
Tidal Barrages
Tidal Lagoons
Tidal Fences
Tidal turbines
Use similar
technology to wind
turbines, only it was
used underwater.
The water currents
turn the turbines,
which in turn
activate a
generator that
produces electricity.
The electricity
generated will be
carried by cable
and distributed on
the shore.
Tidal Barrages
1. Captures the potential energy
generated by the change in height (or
head) between high and low tides
2. As the tide comes in, water flows
through the dam into the basin. Then
when the tide stops the gates are
closed, which traps the water in the
basin/estuary.
3. As the tide goes out gates in the dam
which contain turbines are then opened
and the flowing water passes through
the turbines, thus generating energy.
Tidal Lagoons
• Similar to barrages
but have a much
lower cost and impact
on the environment.
• Self contained
structures cut off from
the rest of the sea.
• When the tide rises
the lagoon fills and
when it falls the water
is then released
through the turbines.
Tidal Fences
Tidal fences were
turbines that operate
like giant turnstiles.
Electricity is
generated when the
turbines are turned
by the tidal currents
that occur in coastal
waters.
How Tidal Energy Generates
Electricity
Principle of Tidal Energy in Generating
Electricity
The rise and fall of the sea level can power electric-generating equipment.
The equipment is turn from very slow motion to high motion of the tide to produce
energy.
Tidal barrages:
• built across suitable estuaries
• designed to extract energy from the rise and fall of the tides using turbines located
in water passages in the barrages.
Potential energy:
• due to the difference in water levels from high to low level across the barrages
Kinetic energy:
• potential energy is converted into kinetic energy in the form of fast moving water
passing through the turbines.
Turbine and generator:
• rotational kinetic energy is formed by the blades of the turbine, the spinning turbine
then driving a generator to produce electricity.
Figure 1 Working principle of tidal
energy.
Barrage Tidal System
Sluice Gates – these allow the seawater to fill behind the barrage when the tides produce
an adequate difference in the level of the water on opposite sides of the dam.
Turbines – there are currently three types used to drive the power turbines.
Power Generators – these can be submerged or built above the turbines driven by a
vertical or inclined shaft.
Lock Gate – some of the dissenters are against barrages because it stops the passage of
ships up the river. A lock gate can facilitate this.
Basin – the area behind the barrier, this can prove a recreation facility for sailing, fishing
and other water sports.
Tubular Turbine
Tubular turbines are the turbines already commonly used in tidal power electricity
generation.
Characteristics:
The generator mounted directly on top of the turbine.
It is mounted at a 45-degree angle from it.
Advantage:
The blades can be adjusted.
i. This means that they can be changed to meet electricity demand.
ii. Smaller blades will generate less power while larger blades will generate more power.
iii. This allows the turbine to run more efficiently, generating only the amount of power it
needs to without excessive wear and tear.
E=1/2 Apgh2
where:
h is the vertical tidal range,
A is the horizontal area of the barrage basin,
ρ is the density of water = 1025 kg per cubic meter (seawater
varies between 1021 and 1030 kg per cubic meter) and
g is the acceleration due to the Earth's gravity = 9.81 meters
per second squared.
Assumptions:
Let us assume that the tidal range of
tide at a particular place is 32 feet =
10 m (approx)
The surface of the tidal energy
harnessing plant is 9 km² (3 km × 3
km)= 3000 m × 3000 m = 9 × 106
m2
1)Calculate
Specific the
density of seaenergy
water =by
1025.18 kg/m3
these tidal.
Let us assume that the tidal range of tide
at a particular place is 32 feet = 10 m
(approx)
The surface of the tidal energy harnessing
plant is 9 km² (3 km × 3 km)= 3000 m ×
3000 m = 9 × 106 m2
Specific density of sea water = 1025.18
kg/m3
La Rance:
The first tidal power plant (average tidal range 8 metres) was completed at the
mouth of the La Rance estuary on the Brittany coast of France in 1966.
This 240 MW plant has been working successfully ever since and meets the
needs of the equivalent of a city of 300,000 people.
It was intended to be the first of a series of French tidal power plants.
Annapolis Royal Jiangxia Power Station
1984: The Annapolis Tidal Generating Jiangxia power station is the largest tidal
Station, located in Annapolis Royal. power station in China and the third largest
The 20 MW Annapolis station is one of tidal power station in the world,.
only three tidal power plants in the world Operation for nearly 20 years.
and the only modern tidal plant in North The first generator sets of 500kW started its
America. generation in1980.
The station produce more than 30 million The project was completed in 1985, which
kilowatt hours per year; enough to power was installed one set generator of 500kW,
4,000 homes. one set of 600kW and 3 sets of 700kW with
The plant produces power twice a day the total capacity of 3.2MW.
depending on the tidal cycle.
Wave
Waves are caused by the wind blowing over the surface
of the ocean.
System of floats/buoys
•Pelamis is made up of
several metal cylinders
connected by hinges.
Do You Know?
•Movement waves
transformed from
mechanical energy to
electrical energy
Work done by the water in flooding into or ebbing out of the dam
basin:
W = ½ pgAR2
Where;