BIOMASS FLUIDIZED BED BOILER

REDUCING STEAM COST AND

HAZADOUS EMISSIONS

DONG DUONG INDUSTRIAL

INVESTMENT IMPORT
EXPORT COMPANY, LTD.

Dr. NGUYEN THANH QUANG

SEPTEMBER 2012
 TECHNOLOGY
CHARACTERISTIC
FLUIDIZED BED TECHNOLOGY

 NAMELY ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGY

 PRIMAIRY TOXIC GAS TREATMENT IN COMBUSTION
CHAMBER
 USING LOW VALUE COMBUSTIBLES WITH HIGHT
CONTENT ON S, A, W
 ENCOURAGED IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES FOR
DECREASING THE DEMAND ON TRADITIONAL FOSSIL
FUEL AS COAL AND OIL
 FASTLY DEVELOPED IN THE WORLD
 RESEARCHED AND APPLIED BY AUTHOR IN VIETNAM
MANY YEARS
ORIGINAL
AWARD
PRINCIPLE SCHEMA OF BOILER SYSTEM
TECHNICAL FEATURES

 USING MANY KIND OF BIOMASS IN ONE BOILER

 HIGH EFFICIENCY WITH ECONOMIZER
 HIGHTLY MECHANICAL AND AUTOMATICAL EQUIPMENT
 EASY MAINTEMANCE AND REPAIR
 CONTINUOUSLY FUEL SUPPLY BY BELT CONVEYOR
 CONTINUOUSLY FLY DUST REMOVAL BY ROTARY VALVE
 AUTOMATIC PARAMETERS: WATER LEVEL, STEAM PRESSURE
 SAFETY PARAMETERS: HIGH PRESSURE, LOW WATER LEVEL,
CHAMBER PRESSURE
 TWO STAGE FOR FLY ASH REMOVAL: DRY AND WED ASSURE
VIETNAMESE EMISSION STANDARD
 TOXIC EMMISION AND ITS
REDUCTION IN FLUIDIZED BED
BOILER (FBB)
VIETNAMES EMISSION VALUE

 VIETNAMES STANDARD TCVN 5939:2005 FOR EXHAUSTED

GAS FROM INDUSTRIAL BOILERS OR FURNACES
 TOXIC COMPONENTS IN EXHAUSTED GAS INCLUDE:
+ GAS: SO2, NOX, CO, CXHY
+ SMELL
+ DUST
 PERMITED VALUE IN UNIT mg/Nm3
 FOR SOLID CUMBUSTIBLES FOUR COMPONENTS: SO2,
NOX, CO, fly dust
 COMPARATIVE OXYGEN CONCENTRATION: 6%
CONCULATED PERMITTED LIMMITED
VALUE Cmax

 Cmax = C.Kp.Kv
 Table value: Dust: 200mg/Nm3; CO: 1000mg/Nm3; NOx:
850mg/Nm3; SO2: 500mg/Nm3
 Kp=0,9; Kv=0,8: for big boiler >10T/h and newly installed in
nearly urban area
 Calculated results:
+ For dust : Cdust,max = 0,9x0,8x200 = 144mg/Nm3
+ For CO : CCO,max = 0,9x0,8x 1000 = 720mg/Nm3
+ For NOx : CNOx,max = 0,9x0,8x 850 = 612mg/Nm3
+ For SO2 : CSO2,max = 0,9x0,8x 500 = 360mg/Nm3
THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF
TOXIC EMISSIONS

 SO2
MSO2 = (64/32)xSxB; kg/h
CSO2 = 106xMSO2/Vkh; mg/Nm3
 DUST
Mdust = AxB; kg/h
Cdust = 106xMbụi/Vkh; mg/Nm3
 RECALCULATION FOR COMPARATIVE OXYGEN
CONCENTRATION (TCVN 5939:2005)
Cpt = Cdox(21-O2,ss)/(21-O2,do)
Fuel rate B-kg/h; fume volume Vkh-Nm3/h; Fuel composition: S, A
SOURCE FOR TOXIC EMISSION IN
EXHAUSTED GAS

 SO2: DENPEND ON SULFUR COMPOSITION IN FUEL,

CHEMICAL REACTION: S + O2  SO2; SO2 + O+ H2O 
H2SO4
 NOx: DEPEND MAINLY ON COMBUSTION TEMPERATURE
(LOW IF T <1200oC); REACTION: NO2+H2O  HNO3
 CO: CAUSE BY LAKE OF OXYGEN
 CxHy: CAUSE BY FUEL THERMOLYSE AND LAKE OF
OXYGEN; OCCURED MAILY BY FO COMBUSTION
 DUST: DEPEND ON ASH COMPOSITION IN FUEL.

TO REDUCE THE TOXIC EMISSION  BOILER MUST BE

EQUIPPED WITH RESONABLE TOXIC GAS REDUCER AND
DUST COLLECTOR
 FUEL AND ITS COMPOSITIONS

FUELS
Mass. Cashe
composition Fuel oil Fine Saw w Rice Sucker Mud
s, % FO coal dust Wood shell husk rohr coal

Cacbon, C 83,20 70,00 39,60 39,60 54,90 37,13 21,60 40,80

Hydrogen, H 10,20 2,90 5,20 5,20 10,00 4,12 2,90 2,00

Oxygen, O 0,20 3,00 34,40 34,40 25,00 31,60 22,10 15,00

Nitrogen, N 0,20 1,50 0,32 0,32 0,10 0,35 0,00 1,50

Sulfur, S 2,90 0,60 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,05 0,00 0,70

Ash, A 0,30 16,00 0,48 0,48 2,00 17,75 1,40 25,00

Moiture, W 3,00 6,00 20,00 20,00 8,00 9,00 52,00 15,00

COMPARE THEORETICAL EMISSIONS
BY FUEL COMBUSTION

CSO2 DUST

VIET NAMES 360 144

STANDARD
FUEL OIL 3.500 249
FINE COAL 1.180 18.500
BIOMASS 0 785
 EXHAUSTED MUST BE TREATED WITH SPECIAL EQUIPMENTS
REDUCTION OF TOXIC EMISSIONS
USING FB TECHNOLOGY

 Reduction SO2 in bed by fuel ash and additive:

SO2 + CaO + O  CaSO4
Measured value: 0-20mg/Nm3 (fine coal)
 Low NOx cause of low chamber temperature 850-
950oC, measured value 100-120mg/Nm3 (fine coal)
 Two stage dust removal: dry stage with efficiency
90-92% and wet stage with eficiency 95-98%.
Measured value <100mg/Nm3
PRINCIPLE METHOD FOR REDUCING
DUST TO ENVIRONMENT

 BOILER EQUIPPED WITH RIGHT TECHNICALLY

DUST COLLECTOR (REMOVER)
 CLOSE FUEL ROOM
 CLOSE DUST TRANSPORT
 CLOSE DUST ROOM OR SILO
 CLOSE TRUCK FOR FUEL IN AND DUST OUT
 USING WATER FOR HINDER THE FLYING DUST
DUST AND ASH REMOVAL

 FLY ASH OR DUST IS COLLECTED IN DRY CYCLON

BUNDLE, THOUGHT ROTARY VALVE AND SCREW
CONVEYOR TRANSPORTED TO CLOSE SILO OR ROOM
 SILO VOLUM IS SUITABLE FOR 3-5 WORKING OPERATION
DAYS
 DUST IS WETTED BEFORE PARKED IN BAGS AND
DELIVERED BY TRUCK
 BOILER ROOM FLOOR IS CLEANED UP EVERY DAY
 WET DUST IN FILTER PIT IS TAKED OUT PERIODICALLY IN
BAGS
REDUCTION of THE NOISE

 Permitted noise in fabric: 75db

 Noise caused by air fan
 Reduction method: equipped noise reducer
before air fan
 Noise degree is reduced lower than
permitted 50db
WASTE WATER

 Low waste water rate because of using high

efficiency cyclone bundle
 Waste water amount: about 1m3/1 week
 Solid dust is filtered by sand filter and waste
water is recycled to basin
 No influence by dirty water
 STEAM SUPPLY FROM
BIOMASS BOILER FOR VBL
TIEN GIANG
GENERAL DEMANDS

 NEW BOILER WITH CAPACITY 12.5 T/h SUPPLY

EQUIVALENT AMOUNT OF STEAM FOR YOUR
PRODUCTION, AS IT IS FROM EXISTED FO
FIRED BOILER
 ASSURE THE LIMIT VALUE OF EMISSIONS TO
ENVIRONMENT, ARCORDING TO VIETNAMES
STANDARD: TOXIC GAS, DUST, WASTE WATER
 NO ERECTION INFLUENCE TO NORMAL
OPERATION OF EXISTED BOILER
MAIN GUARANTEES BY STEAM
SUPPLYER

 STEAM QUALITY: ASSURE STEAM CAPACITY

AND STEAM PRESSURE FOR CUSTOMER’S
PRODUCTION LINE
 ENSURE LIMITED EMISSION TOXIC VALUE
ACCORDING TO VIETNAMES STANDARD
ABOUT: TOXIC EXHAUSTED GAS, DUST, WASTE
WATER, NOISE DEGREE
 TOTAL RESPONSIBILITY ABOUT OPERATION,
SAFETY, ENVIRONMENT WITH LOCAL
AUTORITIES
RECENT STEAM CONSUMER

 Installed boiler capacity: 2x5T/h+1x3,5T/h; future 1 boiler of 10T/h

 Average steam demand: 4,5 T/h;
 Steam pressure: 10 bar
 DO consummation for one ton steam production: 66 liter DO/ton
 Working time: 7.680 h/year (24 h/day, 28 days/month, 320
days/year)
 DO price: 19.620 VND/liter (without VAT)
 Steam cost (fuel part): 66l/ton x19.620 = 1.295.000 VND/ton
 DO monthly consummation: 200.000 liter/month
 Monthy steam production: 200.000/66 = 3.030 ton/month
 FUEL EXPENSE

 Monthly fuel expense : 200,000x19,620 = 3,924,000,000VND/month

 Yearly fuel expense (11 months): 44,846,000,000VND (roundly)
 Yearly steam amount: 4.5T/hx7,680=34,630 ton/năm
 Expense for repair, maintenance, worker: 1,500,000,000VND/year
 Additional expense for one ton steam 1,500,000,000/34,630 =
43,000VND/ton
 Real steam cost : 1,295,000+43,000 = 1,338,000VND/ton
 Yearly expense for steam production: 46,346,000,000đ/year
VBL want to
 reduce steam production cost
 green and clean production, using biomass
 But no area for new biomass boiler
OUR RESPONSIBILITIES
 Completely investing in boiler system of capacity 12.5 T/h (recently) and 12.5 T/h
later. Boiler house shall be situated outside the factory’s area.
 Operating the boiler and continuously supplying steam. Your DO boiler operates only
in case of biomass boiler maintenance.
 Supplying fuel for boiler operation, steam flow meter.
 Implementing environmental protection, fire protection, labor safety procedures and
bearing absolute responsibilities before the competent authorities.
 Payment power and water bills for your company.
 Supplying steam to the factory in 100-120 working days after the date of signing
contract.
 We perform all management requirements and operating standards in order to sync
with the standards of your company on strategies for clean and green production. Our
partner must also fulfill the requirements of your company in order to form a unified
management, do not affect the reputation of your company. All our regulations are
checked and timely monitoring of your company.
 We shall compensate for your company any damage caused by improper steam
supply quality (amount and pressure). We take charge for fuel for your DO boiler
stand-by operation to assure continuous steam supply.
Steam selling price

 We supply steam with deduction of 30% against the current steam

production expenses, i.e., (100-30)x1,338,000 = 937,000 VND/ton of
steam (excluding VAT).
 Such expenses are converted into 47.7 l of DO with current DO price
of 19,620 VND/kg (excluding VAT).
 Therefore, with above expense, annual savings made by the Factory
shall be about:
46,346,000,000x30% = 13,900,000,000 VND/year
 The steam price shall be adjusted when DO price changes ±5% (in
accordance with the price announced by Petrolimex in HCMC)
YOUR OTHER BENEFITS

 The Factory is free from issues relating to boiler operation such as

registration, environment protection, operation, stability, etc.
 Thanks to stable steam supply and fuel used by boiler causing no
environmental pollution, you can save steam production expenses,
labor and power costs, etc.
 The available oil boiler shall be turned to standby mode (to enhance
stability for production)
 It is not invested in boiler in the 2nd phase, investment costs may be
saved.
 Using steam from clean and regenerative biomass fuel meet your
strategy on clean and green production
Support from the Factory

 Commitment on minimum steam consumption in a month:

– 4 tons/h x 24h/day x 28 days/month = 2680 tons of steam/month in
the 1st phase
 DO boiler operator in stand-by mode, one person per shift
 Cooperation period: 10 years
 BIOMASS BOILER POSITION

Biomass boiler
BIOMASS STORAGE
BIOMASS CONVEYOR TO BOILER
ONLINE MONITORING BOILER OPERATION
20 T/H BIOMASS BOILER
BOILER ROOM AFTER
ERECTION
THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION