ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF

BONES AS STRUCTURES
NURUL SHAHIRAH BINTI MA AJIH
112012231
 BONES

LONG SHORT
FLAT BONES
BONES BONES

EPIPYHSIS METAPHYSIS DIAPHYSIS

BLOOD SUPPLY
• Comprising nutrient and metapyseal arteries
Afferent that together supply the inner two third of
vascular cortex and peristeal arteries supply the outer
one third.

Efferent • Conveys venous blood

vascular

Intermediate • System of cappilaries within the cortex.

vascular
 STUCTURE OF
BONE

GROSS HISTOLOGIC
STRUCTURE STRUCTURES

MATURE BONE
IMMATURE BONE
COMPACTA SPONGIOSA ( LAMELLAR
( WOVEN BONE )
BONE )
 BONES CELLS

OSTEOBLAST OSTEOCYTES OSTEOCLAST

FOR
RESORBING OR
OSTEOGENESIS MATURE BONE
REMOVING
OR CELLS
BONE
OSSIFICATION
BIOCHEMISTRY OF BONE
COMPOSED OF :
 ORGANIC SUBSTANCES
-include bone cells, matrix,
 INORGANIC SUBSTANCES
- Most important – calcium and phosphorus
- Other ions- magnesium, sodium , hyfroxyl , carbonate and
fluoride
 ENZYMES
- Bone alkaline phosphate = produced by osteoblasts play
role in the osteoblastic production of organic matrix
before calcification.
 CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS
METABOLISM
The normal plasma level of both calcium and inorganic
phosphate are regulated by three hormones :
 The active metabolics of vitamin D
 Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
 Calcitonin
JOINTS AND ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
JOINT
- Jucntion between two or more bones.
- Provide segmentation of the human skeleton and allow
varying degresss of motion between the segments as well
as varying amounts of segmental growth.
 SYNDESMOSIS
• The bones are bound
together by fibrous tissue only

SYNCHRONDROSIS
• The bones are bound
together by cartilage

• A joint that at some stage has

SYNOSTOSIS become obliterated by bony
union.
 • Two opposite surfaces are covered
by hyaline cartilage and joined by
SYMPHYSIS fibrocartilage and strong fibrous
tissue.

• Two opposite surfaces are covered

SYNOVIAL by hyaline articular cartilage and
joined peripherally by a fibrous
FLUID tissue capsule enclosing a joint
cavity that contains synovial fluid.