LENGTH CALIBRATION

What is Calibration
 Calibration means a comparison of two certain
components between the standard and the
components to be calibrated.
 Calibration is a comparison between
measurements – one of known magnitude or
correctness made or set with one device and
another measurement made in as similar a way
as possible with a second device.
 The device with the known or assigned
correctness is called the standard. The second
device is the unit under test, test instrument, or
any of several other names for the device being
calibrated.
Pin Gauge
 A hardened, cylindrical
gage used to inspect the
size of a hole.
 Like many precision
measurement tools, Pin
gauges are very simple,
but also very effective.
With proper use, these
precision tools can
measure holes to a high
degree of accuracy.
 It is used to measure hole
diameters, clearances and
fittings.
Pin Gauge types:
 CLASS ZZ PIN GAUGE
 These gauges have an inch
tolerance of .0002” and a
metric tolerance of .005mm.
They are practical where
good precision and speed
are important. Most shops
use pins that are +.0002 and
-.0000. This works out well
because you generally need
some clearance in the hole
anyway to accept the mating
part.
Pin Gauge types:
 CLASS Z PIN GAUGE
 These gauges have an
inch tolerance of .0001”
and a metric tolerance
of .0025mm. They are
one half the deviation
of the ZZ for a better fit.
These pins are less
common, but still very
useful for precision
machining and
inspection.
Thread Gauge
 A thread pitch gauge, also
known as a screw pitch
gauge or pitch gauge, is
used to measure the pitch
or lead of a screw thread.
 The uppermost gauge in
the image is an ISO metric
pitch gauge, the larger
gauge in the center is for
measuring the Acme
thread form, and the lower
gauge is for Whitworth
screws.
Thread Gauge
 Thread pitch gauges are used as
a reference tool in determining
the pitch of a thread that is on a
screw or in a tapped hole.
 This tool is not used as a
precision measuring instrument.
This device allows the user to
determine the profile of the given
thread and quickly categorize
the thread by shape and pitch.
 This device also saves time, in
that it removes the need for the
user to measure and calculate
the thread pitch of the threaded
item.
Types of Thread Gauge
 ISO Metric Screw Threads
 These threads are commonly used for
general fastening purpose. The most commonly used
class of threads are 6H for internal threads and 6g for
external threads.
Types of Thread Gauge
 Unified Inch Screw  Unified Inch Screw Threads
Threads ( UN and UNR Threads ) :
These threads are used for
general fastening purpose
and available as Unified
Coarse thread series
(UNC/UNRC), fine thread
series (UNF/UNRF), extra-
fine series (UNEF/UNREF).
The most commonly used
classes of threads are 2A &
3A for external threads and
2B & 3B for internal
threads.
Types of Thread Gauge
 Pipe Threads G Series
 These are parallel pipe
threads having thread
angle of 55° and are
used where pressure-
tight joints are not made
on threads.
 These threads are used
for mechanical
assembly of component
parts of fittings, cocks
and valve accessories
etc.
Types of Thread Gauge
 Taper Pipe Threads
Whitworth Form  These threads have a
taper of 1 in 16 and a
thread angle of 55°
and are used where
pressure tight joints
are made on threads.
Types of Thread Gauge
 American Pipe
 These threads have a
Threads
taper of 1 in 16 and a
thread angle of
60°. The types of
threads include NPT,
NPTF & ANPT.
Types of Thread Gauge
 ACME Threads
 Acme screw threads
are mainly used for
the purpose
of producing
traversing motions on
machines, tools etc.
 The multi-start threads
are used to provide
fast relative traversing
motion
Types of Thread Gauge
 Stub ACME
 The Stub Acme screw
threads are generally
confined to those
unusual applications
like transmission of
power and motion
where a coarse pitch
thread of shallow depth
is required due to
mechanical or
metallurgical
considerations
Types of Thread Gauge
 Trapezoidal Thread
 Trapezoidal threads
are used
for transmission of
power and
motion and are nearly
similar to ACME
threads, but are
made to metric
dimensions and
standards.
Types of Thread Gauge
 Buttress Screw Thread  These are
asymmetrical
threads and are
used for
transmission of
power in one
direction. The most
common thread
profile is 7° / 45°
How to use a Thread gauge?
 There are times it becomes necessary to
know the thread pitch of a bolt or nut.
 A comparison can be made with bolts of
known sizes, or a special tool called a
thread gauge can be used.
 This tool looks like a collection of several
small saw blades pinned together on one
end and each with a different number of
teeth.
 These blades are stamped with a small
number which indicates how many teeth
per inch the blade has.
 When fitted against the threads of a bolt
or nut the number indicates the bolt
thread pitch.
How to use a Thread gauge?
 Instructions
 Hold the bolt to be measured
with the light behind it in the
fingers of one hand.
 Open the thread gauge and
place on of the blades against
the bolt threads. If the teeth fit
tightly against the threads you
selected the proper blade on
your first try. If not, use other
blades until the teeth fit the bolt
threads perfectly. Insert the blade inside a nut
 Read the number stamped into to measure and count the
the blade to determine the threads. Fit and read the
threads per inch. blade exactly the same as
for a bolt.
Feeler Gauge
 A feeler gauge is a tool
used to measure gap
widths. Feeler gauges are
mostly used in engineering
to measure the clearance
between two parts.
 They consist of a number of
small lengths of steel of
different thicknesses with
measurements marked on
each piece.
 They are flexible enough
that, even if they are all on
the same hinge, several can
be stacked together to
gauge intermediate values.
Feeler Gauge
 It is common to have two sets
for imperial units (typically
measured in thousandths of
an inch) and metric (typically
measured in hundredths of a
millimeter) measurements.
 Feeler gage sets are the
type that is most familiar.
Mechanics and machinists
commonly use this simple
type gage.
 The sets have multiple
leaves usually ranging from
.0015 to .025 or .035 inch.
The sets are available in
short and long leave
versions.
Types of Feeler Gauge
 TAPER FEELER GUAGE
 a thin metal strip like tape
of known thickness used
to measure a narrow gap
or to set a gap between
two parts.
 Specially used in internal
combustion engines for
pistons and valves gap.
Types of Feeler Gauge
 Steel strip, metal foils
feeler gauge
 feeler gauge in the form
of bands and metal foils
(for example, precision
foils).
 Steel strip, such as
carbon steel or spring
band steel can be used in
many fields of application.
Steel strip, metal foils feeler gauge
applications
 A Precision
Thickness Gauge
Strip for aligning the
workpiece on
surface grinders,
milling cutters and
planers.
Steel strip, metal foils feeler gauge
applications
 A Precision
Thickness
Gauge Strip as
shims and liners
in assembling
operations.
Steel strip, metal foils feeler gauge
applications
 Use a Precision
Thickness
Gauge Strip for
measuring the
clearance of
cutting tools and
as a liner
following
sharpening
work.
Steel strip, metal foils feeler gauge
applications
 A Precision
Thickness Gauge
Strip could be used
for checking
dovetail guides and
fits.
Steel strip, metal foils feeler gauge
applications
 Adjusting the
valve clearance
with a Precision
Thickness
Gauge Strip.
Steel strip, metal foils feeler gauge
applications

 Reference sheet
as check foil in
shaving or
scraping
precision parts.
Steel strip, metal foils feeler gauge
applications

 Use a Reference
sheet for
adjusting shear
blades.
HOW TO USE A FEELER GAUGE?
 What is it?
 Sometimes you need
to set a gap between
two components in
your car, for instance
when checking your
spark plugs, doing a
valve adjustment, or
setting the distributer.
 When you need an
exact gap, thickness
or 'feeler' gauges are
the perfect help.
HOW TO USE A FEELER GAUGE?
 Find out the gap of what
you're trying to adjust from
a manual, help guide or the
ever helpful internet. Each
of the blades of the
thickness gauge has a
different measurement on
it, e.g. .025, .0015 (very
thin), etc.
 Separate the one you want
and fold the rest away.
Some gauges have a knob
where they all hinge which
you can tighten to keep the
blade you want locked in
place.
 Slide the measuring blade
in to the gap you want to
set, then move the
machinery you're adjusting
in to it's just touching the
gauge, then move it out just
slightly.
 What you're after here is to
not quite grip the measuring
blade - it should be able to
just slide in and out.
 Don't use the machinery to
clamp it in, as that will
actually be too small a gap
and also you'll dent the soft
metal of the blade.
HOW TO USE A FEELER GAUGE?
 Once you have the gap  Don't forget to fold away
set so you can just get the blade before putting
the blade out, tighten the thickness gauge in
up the machinery a bit, your toolbox, as they're
but not to full tightness. easily bent.
 Now double check you
can get the blade in but
it doesn't rattle, and you
can't get the next size
blade up in the gap. If
it's still right, tighten up
the machinery the rest
of the way.
PIN GAUGE CALIBRATION
PROCEDURE
 INSPECT THE PIN GAUGE DIAMETER
ACCORDING TO ITS DIAMETER SPECIFICATION
USING A MICROMETER. CHECK IF THE
DIAMETER MEASURED IS NOT EXCEEDING
THE INCH TOLERANCE.
 NOTE: MEASURE THE DIAMETER AT BOTH
ENDS AND ALONG ITS CENTER.
 NEXT, CHECK THE PIN GAUGE LENGTH.
FEELER GUAGE CALIBRATION
PROCEDURE
 VISUALLY INSPECT SUBJECT GAGE
COMPONENTS FOR OBVIOUS DAMAGE
OR EXCESSIVE WEAR THAT MIGHT
AFFECT THE FUNCTION OF THE GAGE.
 ASCERTAIN THAT THE IDENTIFICATION
DATA IS CORRECT.
 INSPECT THE THICKNESS OF THE
INDIVIDUAL GAGE LEAVES USING THE
SUPERMICROMETER
 MEASURE THE THICKNESS OF THE
GAUGE AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS ALONG
THE LENGTH OF THE DEVICE
FEELER GUAGE CALIBRATION
PROCEDURE
 ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS

 NOMINAL THICKNESS TOLERANCE

 .0015 to .007 .00020

 .008 to .009 .00025
 .010 to .012 .00035
 .013 to .015 .00043
 .016 to .019 .00047
 .020 to .024 .00055
 .025 to .031 .00067
 .032 to .035 .00075
THREAD GUAGE CALIBRATION
PROCEDURE
 Clean the thread plug gage completely before beginning
the gage calibration. Remove any dirt and grime buried
deep within the threads and crevices.
 Allow the thread gage to acclimate to a temperature
between 68 degrees F to 72 degrees F for at least 24
hours.
 inspect all threads visually for cuts, debris, nicks, and
other flaws. Use a magnifying glass if necessary to
examine closely.
 Slide the knob down the micrometer to set it to the proper
force necessary for your gage.
 Measure the threads with the micrometer at the left and
right ends of the gage, as well as in the midpoint of the
gage. Record these readings on paper
THREAD GUAGE CALIBRATION
PROCEDURE
 Turn the gage 90 degrees clockwise. Once again, measure the
threads with the micrometer at the left and right ends of the
gage, as well as in the midpoint of the gage. Record these
readings on paper.
 Take the mathematical average of these six values in order to
calculate the value of the outside diameter.
 Place two gage wires, the same size that is best fitted to your
gage model, among the threads on one side of the gage, on
the left end of the gage above the notch. Place a third gage
wire among the thread on the side of the gage, opposite the
other two wires.
 Using your micrometer, measure the gage over the attached
wires at one end of the gage. Turn the gage 90 degrees
clockwise, and measure the gage with the micrometer once
again. Record these values.
THREAD GUAGE CALIBRATION
PROCEDURE
 Repeat the measurements listed in Step 10 at the
other end of the gage, as well as at the midpoint of
the gage.
 Determine the constant value associated with the
fitted gage wires. This value can be found in the
informational packet included in the fitted gage wire
package.
 Subtract the listed Constant value from each
measurement taken in Steps 10 and 11.
 Take the mathematical average of these values in
order to calculate the value of the pitch diameter.