TOURIST MOTIVATION

According to (Suwena & Widyatmaja, 2007), tourism motivation is defined as a network of global
integration of biological and cultural forces that provide value and direction for travel choices,
behavior and experience. Motivation arises as an effort to fulfill one's basic needs and desires.
Second, motivation will lead to travel when someone has to fulfill their needs and desires. 'Desire'
occurs when there is someone's awareness to meet their needs.
Motivation is an important factor for tourists in making decisions about tourist destinations to be
visited. Tourist motivation has developed, along with the development of tourism itself. According to
Fandeli (as quoted in Suwena & Widyatmaja, 2007), motivation is an aspect found in the tourists
themselves. Motivation arises depending on the personal self of tourists related to age, experience,
education, emotions, physical and psychological conditions.
According to Suwena & Widyatmaja (2007), someone who travels is motivated by several things,
this motivation can be grouped into four major groups as follows:

a. Physical or physiological motivation

b. Cultural motivation

c. Social or interpersonal motivation

d. Fantasy Motivation
 Motivation Theory in Tourism

Motivation is often associated with energy that can achieve satisfaction. There are several very
supportive theories that seem to have motivation for someone to do tourism activities, there are
several motivational theories from experts such as:

A. Motivation Theory by McIntoch, Goeldner, and Ritchie (1995)

B. Motivational theory by Plog (1974).

 Motivation Theory by McIntoch, Goeldner, and
Ritchie (1995)
• Motivation to meet physical needs

This type of motivation is related to refreshing the body and mind, health goals, exercise and having fun.

• Motivation to get to know culture

This motivation is identified by the desire to see and know more about the culture of other countries, be it dance,
clothing, music, art, folklore

• Motivation to connect with other people

The desire to meet new people, visit distant friends and family and look for new experiences that are different.

• Motivation to gain status and prestige

This includes the desire to pursue continuing education.

 Motivational theory by Plog (1974)
• Psychocentric
This is taken from the word psyche which means selfishness, where the individual's perception is
centered on itself .

• Allocentric
These people are usually adventurous and are motivated to find new tourist areas, and they rarely
return to the same place twice.

• Midcentric
Combined with psychocentric and allocentric
 Factors That Cause Tourists to Travel
Fandeli (1995) states "Factors that stimulate a person to travel will only be released (even if only for
a moment) from routine life, polluted environment, traffic in the city. There are two factors that
stimulate people to travel. It's from yourself or from a goal factor that will affect someone's desire to
travel. And Other factors were also raised by Ryan in Pitana (2005) which stimulated someone to
travel.
 Factors That Cause Travelers Not to Travel
There are several reasons for certain people who cannot travel intensively or cannot travel at all. Such as:

1. Reasons for the cost of travel

Every human being is always faced with financial problems and traveling always requires the availability of money.

2. The reason for the absence of time

Barriers to lack of time, in general, are reasons for most people who cannot leave their jobs, professions, or business
activities.

3. Reasons for health conditions

A person's health problems or physical weakness are often obstacles or obstacles to travel.
4. Family reasons

Families that have young children and many children often become obstacles or obstacles for someone who
travels, which is caused by the burden and obligation to care for their children.

5. Reasons not interested

That creates a lack of information about tourist destinations, which is caused by a lack of information.

6. Reasons for government policy

Government decisions about visas and permission to visit from a country can also be a major barrier to travel.
Because there are still countries that often prohibit their citizens from visiting certain countries.