GASTRIC CANCER

(STOMACH CANCER)

By: Desirie S. Esteves

 Gastric cancer is cancer that
occurs in the stomach--the
muscular sac located in the
upper middle of your
Gastric cancer is a more abdomen, just below your
common diagnosis ribs. Your stomach receives
among older adults, with and holds the food you eat
the median age at and the helps to break down
diagnosis of 70 years in and digest it.
men and 74 years in
women. It begins in the mucus producing cells on the
inside lining of the stomach (
adenocarcinoma). Adenocarcinoma is the
most common type of stomach cancer 2
Factors:
• A diet high in smoked, salted, or pickled
foods and low in fruits and vegetables
• Chronic inflammation of the stomach
• H.pylori infection
• Smoking
• achlorhydria
• Gastric ulcer
• Previous subtotal gastrectomy
• genetics
3
“
Clinical Manifestations
• Pain
• Dyspepsia
• Early satiety
• Weight loss
• Abdominal pain just above
umbilicus
• Loss or decrease in appetite
• Bloating after meals
• Nausea & vomiting
4
Assessment & Diagnostic Findings
 Advanced gastric cancer may be palpable as a mass
 Ascites and hepatomegaly may be apparent if the
cancer cell have metastasized to the liver.
 Palpable nodules around the umibilus (Sister Mary
Joseph’s nodules) are sign of GI malignancy
 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy for biopsy
 Cytologic washings is the diagnostic study choice
 Barium x-ray examination
 Endoscopic ultrasound
 CT- SCAN

5
 Medical
Management
6

 Diagnostic laparoscopy
 Open surgical procedure
 Chemotheraphy
 Total gastrectomy
 Esophagojejunostomy
 Radical subtotal
gastrectomy
 Billroth I or Billroth II
operation
 Proximal subtotal gastrectomy
 Esopagogastrectomy
 Gastric perforation
 Gastric resection
 Palliative procedure( gastric or
esophageal bypass,
jejunostomy, gastrotomy)
 Radiation therapy
 Assessment of tumor markers
(blood analysis for antigen)
7
 Chemotherapeutic agent

 5-flourouracil (5-FU)
 cisplatin (Planitol)
 doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
 etoposide (Etopophos)
 mitomycin C (Mutamycin)
 Trastuzumab
 Antiangiogenesis agent
(bevacizumab)
8
 NURSING
MANAGEMENT

9
GOALS:
Reduced anxiety
Optimal nutrition
Relief of pain
Adjustment to the
diagnosis
Anticipated lifestyle
changes
Reducing Anxiety
• Provide a relax,
nonthreatening atmosphere
• Encourage the family or
significant other to support
the patient and supporting
positive coping measures.
• Advise the patient about any
procedures and treatments

11
Promoting Optimal Nutrition
• Encourage the patient to eat small, frequent portions of
nonirritating foods.
• Food supplements should be high in calories, as well as
vitamins A and C and iron.
• Parenteral nutrition
• If a total gastrectomy is performed, injection of vitamin
B12 will be required for life.
• Monitor the Iv therapy and nutritional status and records
intake, output, and daily weights.
• Assess for sign of dehydration
• Review the results of daily laboratory studies
 Relieving pain
• Administer analgesic agents as
prescribed
• Continuous Iv infusion of an opioid or a
PCA pump
• Assess the frequency, intensity, and
duration of pain
• Work with patient to help manage pain

13
Providing Psychosocial Support
• Help the patient to express fears,
concerns, and grief about diagnosis.
• Answer the patient’s questions
honestly and encourage the patient to
participate in treatment decisions.
• Offer emotional support
• Project empathetic attitude and spend
time with the patient.
 Lifestyle and home remedies
• Eat more fruits and vegetable
• Reduce the mount of salty and smoked
foods you eat
• Stop smoking
• Learn enough to make decisions about your
care
• Stay active
Thanks!
Any questions?

16