THE COMPONENTS OR

ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION
 THE SPEAKER
The Speaker chooses his/her purpose, craft the message
accordingly, and decides how to deliver it.
Refers to essential role of man’s cognitive or mental aspect,
which is to use his schemata or stock knowledge in
analyzing, organizing, and evaluating the ideas he intends
to communicate to others.
Also called the Addresser or Sender
 THE MESSAGE
The Message is what needs to be delivered or imparted to
somebody else.
This the central to the process because the point of
communicating is to say “something”.
The Message to be sent is based on why the Speaker wants
to say it, what the Speaker wants to say, and how the
Speaker wants to say it.
 THE LISTENER
It is said that even the Speaker is great and the Message is
beautiful, if there is no Listener or the Listener is not paying
attention, then communication fails.
The role of the Listener is to give his connotative or interpretative
understanding of the Message from the Speaker.
It is the Listener who makes sense of what is said and reacts to it
– by clapping, nodding the head, replying, asking a return
question, following the Speaker, falling asleep, or walking out.
Also called the Addressee or Receiver
 THE CHANNELS
Channels are the means, methods or mode by which the
Message is sent.
It also refers to symbols, marks, or signs to stand for the ideas
that the Speakers want to transmit to the Listeners.
There are only 5 Channels: ears, eyes, skin, mouth, and
nose
Also called Code
 THE CONTEXT
The Context refers to a set of circumstances, conditions, and other aspects
or factors affecting or related to the communicative event.
1. Physiological Aspects- place, time, ventilation, lights, climate, facilities, size
of the place
2. Psychological Factors- attitudes, moods, feelings, beliefs, values towards
themselves and their audience
3. Historical Data- previous experiences related to the current topic of the
participants
4. Cultural Setting- speaker’s lifestyle, thinking patterns, beliefs, attitudes,
meanings, social roles, religious beliefs, eating habits, fashion, dressing style
 THE COMMUNICATIVE SITUATION
1. Physical Location- usually chosen for the purpose it will
serve
Ex. A classroom that can be used for a meeting, an
auditorium which can be transformed into a theater for a
play, and the streets that serve as the setting for rallies.
2. Psychological Setting- it depends on the participants
 THE CONTACT
Contact means to establish or connect thoughts and
feelings of participants in any communication setting.
It paves the way for the Speakers and the Listeners to relate
themselves closely with each other.
The key to an easy establishment of Contact between the
participants is positive emotions or feelings that they have
to nurture for each other.
 THE RESPONSE
Response is the only way the Speaker knows that the
Message has been received.
It is based on the interpretation of the Message by the
Listener.
It can be positive or negative
Also known as the Feedback
 THE NOISE
The Noise is any barrier to communication.
1. Physical Noise- actual noise such as loud music or the
irritating engines of a machine
2. Physiological Noise- when a body becomes a hindrance
to good communication such as toothache or headache
3. Psychological Noise- occurs when one is thinking deeply
about something or is suffering from an emotional
condition such as sadness, depression, confusion