Ethology:

The study of animal behavior with

emphasis on the behavioral
patterns that occur in natural
environments
Ethology:
The study of animal behavior with
emphasis on the behavioral
patterns that occur in natural
environments
Ethology:
The study of animal behavior with
emphasis on the behavioral
patterns that occur in natural
environments
Nature vs. Nurture
Nature vs. Nurture
Instinctual Behavior:
•Largely genetic
•Triggered by specific stimuli
•Produces specific behaviors
•Does not involve learning
Instinctual Behavior:
•Largely genetic
•Triggered by specific stimuli
•Produces specific behaviors
•Does not involve learning
Instinctual Behavior:
•Largely genetic
•Triggered by specific stimuli
•Produces specific behaviors
•Does not involve learning
Instinctual Behavior:
•Largely genetic
•Triggered by specific stimuli
•Produces specific behaviors
•Does not involve learning
Instinctual Behavior:
•Largely genetic
•Triggered by specific stimuli
•Produces specific behaviors
•Does not involve learning
 Sign Stimulus

Innate releasing mechanism

IRM
Fixed Action Pattern
FAP
 Sign Stimulus

Innate releasing mechanism

IRM
Fixed Action Pattern
FAP
 Sign Stimulus

Innate releasing mechanism

IRM
Fixed Action Pattern
FAP
 Sign Stimulus

Innate releasing mechanism

IRM
Fixed Action Pattern
FAP
Learning:
the process of developing a
behavioral response based on
experience
Learning:
the process of developing a
behavioral response based on
experience
Conditioning (Associative learning):
•learned behavioral response to a
novel or substituted stimulus
•Uses reward as a basis for
learning
Conditioning (Associative learning):
•learned behavioral response to a
novel or substituted stimulus
•Uses reward as a basis for
learning
Conditioning (Associative learning):
•learned behavioral response to a
novel or substituted stimulus
•Uses reward as a basis for
learning
Conditioning (Associative learning):
•Classical (Passive) Conditioning
•Operant (Active) Conditioning
Conditioning (Associative learning):
•Classical (Passive) Conditioning
•Operant (Active) Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
•A stimulus is substituted for one that
is already associated with a behavior
•Animal learns to associate the new
stimulus with the reward
•Is passive
•The reward follows the stimulus
•Pavlov’s dogs
Classical Conditioning
•A stimulus is substituted for one that
is already associated with a behavior
•Animal learns to associate the new
stimulus with the reward
•Is passive
•The reward follows the stimulus
•Pavlov’s dogs
Classical Conditioning
•A stimulus is substituted for one that
is already associated with a behavior
•Animal learns to associate the new
stimulus with the reward
•Is passive
•The reward follows the stimulus
•Pavlov’s dogs
Classical Conditioning
•A stimulus is substituted for one that
is already associated with a behavior
•Animal learns to associate the new
stimulus with the reward
•Is passive
•The reward follows the stimulus
•Pavlov’s dogs
Classical Conditioning
•A stimulus is substituted for one that
is already associated with a behavior
•Animal learns to associate the new
stimulus with the reward
•Is passive
•The reward follows the stimulus
•Pavlov’s dogs
Classical Conditioning
•A stimulus is substituted for one that
is already associated with a behavior
•Animal learns to associate the new
stimulus with the reward
•Is passive
•The reward follows the stimulus
•Pavlov’s dogs
Conditioning (Associative learning):
•Classical (Passive) Conditioning
•Operant (Active) Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
•The animal must perform an act
(behavior) in response to a stimulus
to get the reward
•The reward follows the behavior,
not the stimulus
•It is an active process; the animal
must do something specific to get the
reward
Operant Conditioning
•The animal must perform an act
(behavior) in response to a stimulus
to get the reward
•The reward follows the behavior,
not the stimulus
•It is an active process; the animal
must do something specific to get the
reward
Operant Conditioning
•The animal must perform an act
(behavior) in response to a stimulus
to get the reward
•The reward follows the behavior,
not the stimulus
•It is an active process; the animal
must do something specific to get the
reward
Operant Conditioning
•The animal must perform an act
(behavior) in response to a stimulus
to get the reward
•The reward follows the behavior,
not the stimulus
•It is an active process; the animal
must do something specific to get the
reward
Types of Learning
•Conditioning
•Habituation
•Latent
•Imprinting
•Insight
Types of Learning
•Conditioning
•Habituation
•Latent
•Imprinting
•Insight
Types of Learning
•Conditioning
•Habituation
•Latent
•Imprinting
•Insight
Types of Learning
•Conditioning
•Habituation
•Latent
•Imprinting
•Insight
Types of Learning
•Conditioning
•Habituation
•Latent
•Imprinting
•Insight
Types of Learning
•Conditioning
•Habituation
•Latent
•Imprinting
•Insight
Information

STM
Information

STM

LTM
Information

STM

LTM
Information

STM

LTM
Information

STM

LTM
Information

STM

LTM
Information

STM

LTM
Information

STM

LTM
Information

STM

LTM
Information

STM

LTM
Information

STM

LTM
Information

STM
Consolidation

LTM

Engram
Information

STM
Consolidation

LTM

Engram
Information

STM

LTM
“Universal” Behaviors:
•Foraging
•Communication
•Aggression
•Hibernation/Dormancy
•Circadian Rhythms
•Social
•Migratory
“Universal” Behaviors:
•Foraging
•Communication
•Aggression
•Hibernation/Dormancy
•Circadian Rhythms
•Social
•Migratory
•Foraging
•Specialists
•Generalists
•Foraging
•Specialists
•Generalists
•Foraging
•Specialists
•Generalists
“Universal” Behaviors:
•Foraging
•Communication
•Aggression
•Hibernation/Dormancy
•Circadian Rhythms
•Social
•Migratory
•Communication
•Emotional state
•Sexual State
•Identity
•Etc.
•Communication
•Emotional state
•Sexual State
•Identity
•Etc.
•Communication
•Emotional state
•Sexual State
•Identity
•Etc.
•Communication
•Emotional state
•Sexual State
•Identity
•Etc.
•Communication
•Emotional state
•Sexual State
•Identity
•Etc.
•Communication
•Visually
•Coloration
•Posture
•Movement
•Expressions
•Communication
•Visually
•Coloration
•Posture
•Movement
•Expressions
•Communication
•Visually
•Coloration
•Posture
•Movement
•Expressions
•Communication
•Visually
•Coloration
•Posture
•Movement
•Expressions
•Communication
•Visually
•Coloration
•Posture
•Movement
•Expressions
•Communication
•Visually
•Coloration
•Posture
•Movement
•Expressions
•Communication
•Visually
•Sound
•Communication
•Visually
•Sound
•Communication
•Visually
•Sound
•Chemicals
•Communication
•Visually
•Sound
•Chemicals--Pheromones
Pheromones:
•Allomone + : -
•Synamone + : +
•Antimone - : -
•Kairomone - : +
“Universal” Behaviors:
•Foraging
•Communication
•Aggression
•Hibernation/Dormancy
•Circadian Rhythms
•Social
•Migratory
•Aggression
•Intraspecific
•Territorial
•Mating rights
•Forage
•Interspecific
•Predation
•Territorial
•Forage
•Unknown
•Aggression
•Intraspecific
•Territorial
•Mating rights
•Forage
•Interspecific
•Predation
•Territorial
•Forage
•Unknown
•Aggression
•Intraspecific
•Territorial
•Mating rights
•Forage
•Interspecific
•Predation
•Territorial
•Forage
•Unknown
•Aggression
•Intraspecific
•Territorial
•Mating rights
•Forage
•Interspecific
•Predation
•Territorial
•Forage
•Unknown
•Aggression
•Intraspecific
•Territorial
•Mating rights
•Forage
•Interspecific
•Predation
•Territorial
•Forage
•Unknown
•Aggression
•Intraspecific
•Territorial
•Mating rights
•Forage
•Interspecific
•Predation
•Territorial
•Forage
•Unknown
•Aggression
•Intraspecific
•Territorial
•Mating rights
•Forage
•Interspecific
•Predation
•Territorial
•Forage
•Unknown
•Aggression
•Intraspecific
•Territorial
•Mating rights
•Forage
•Interspecific
•Predation
•Territorial
•Forage
•Unknown
•Aggression
•Intraspecific
•Territorial
•Mating rights
•Forage
•Interspecific
•Predation
•Territorial
•Forage
•Unknown
•Aggression
•Intraspecific
•Territorial
•Mating rights
•Forage
•Interspecific
•Predation
•Territorial
•Forage
•Unknown
“Universal” Behaviors:
•Foraging
•Communication
•Aggression
•Hibernation/Dormancy
•Circadian Rhythms
•Social
•Migratory
“Universal” Behaviors:
•Foraging
•Communication
•Aggression
•Hibernation/Dormancy
•Circadian Rhythms
•Social
•Migratory
•Hibernation
•Estivation/Aestivation
•Hibernation
•Estivation/Aestivation
•Hibernation
•Estivation/Aestivation
•Hibernation
•Estivation/Aestivation
“Universal” Behaviors:
•Foraging
•Communication
•Aggression
•Territorial
•Hibernation/Dormancy
•Circadian Rhythms
•Social
•Migratory
•Nocturnal
•Diurnal
•Crepuscular
•Nocturnal
•Diurnal
•Crepuscular
•Nocturnal
•Diurnal
•Crepuscular
•Nocturnal
•Diurnal
•Crepuscular
“Universal” Behaviors:
•Foraging
•Communication
•Aggression
•Territorial
•Hibernation/Dormancy
•Circadian Rhythms
•Social
•Migratory
Social behaviors
•Cooperative behaviors
•Intraspecific
•Interspecific
•Altruistic behaviors
•Selfish behaviors
Social behaviors
•Cooperative behaviors
•Intraspecific
•Interspecific
•Altruistic behaviors
•Selfish behaviors
Social behaviors
•Cooperative behaviors
•Intraspecific
•Interspecific
•Altruistic behaviors
•Selfish behaviors
Social behaviors
•Cooperative behaviors
•Intraspecific
•Interspecific
•Altruistic behaviors
•Selfish behaviors
Social behaviors
•Cooperative behaviors
•Intraspecific
•Interspecific
•Altruistic behaviors
•Selfish behaviors
Social behaviors
•Cooperative behaviors
•Intraspecific
•Interspecific
•Altruistic behaviors
•Selfish behaviors
“Universal” Behaviors:
•Foraging
•Communication
•Aggression
•Territorial
•Hibernation/Dormancy
•Circadian Rhythms
•Social
•Migratory
“Universal” Behaviors:
•Foraging
•Communication
•Aggression
•Territorial
•Hibernation/Dormancy
•Circadian Rhythms
•Social
•Migratory
•Emotion
•Self perception
•Culture
•Emotion
•Self perception
•Culture
•Emotion
•Self perception
•Culture
•Emotion
•Self perception
•Culture