THE NATURE OF

APPROACHES, METHODS
AND TECHNIQUES IN THE
LANGUAGE TEACHING

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY II
THE NATURE OF APPROACHES, METHODS
AND TECHNIQUES
In describing methods, the difference between a philosophy of lan-guage teaching at the level of theory and principles, and a set
of derived procedures for teaching a language, is central. In an attempt to clarify this difference, a scheme was proposed by the
American applied linguist Edward Anthony in 1963. He identified three levels of conceptualization and organization, which he
termed approach, method, and technique:

An approach is a set of A technique is a particular trick,

Method is an overall plan for the
correlative assumptions dealing stratagem, or contrivance used
orderly presentation of language
with the nature of language to accomplish an immediate
material, no part of which
teaching and learning. An objective. It must be consistent
contradicts, and all of which is
approach is axiomatic. It with a method, and therefore in
based upon, the se-lected
describes the nature of the harmony with an approach as
approach , is procedural.
subject matter to be taught. well.
THEORY OF LANGUAGE

THE THE
THE STRUCTURAL
COMMUNICATIVE COMMUNICATIVE
VIEW OF
VIEW OF VIEW OF
LANGUAGE
LANGUAGE LANGUAGE
THE STRUCTURAL VIEW OF
LANGUAGE

language is a system of
structurally related
elements for the coding phonological units (e.g.,phonemes),
of meaning.
grammatical units (e.g., clauses, phrases,
sentences), grammatical operations
The target of language (e.g., adding, shifting, joining, or
learning is seen to be the transforming elements), and lexical
mastery of elements of
this system items (e.g., function words and structure
words).
 THE FUNCTIONAL VIEW OF
LANGUAGE

include not only elements of

grammar and lexis but also
specify the topics, notions,
and concepts the learner
The semantic and needs to communicate about.
communicative dimensions of
language are more
emphasized than the
Language is a vehicle for the grammatical characteristics,
expression of functional
meaning.
 The language as a vehicle
Language is seen as a tool for the realization of
for the creation and interpersonal relations
maintenance of social and for the performance
relations. of social transactions
between individuals.

THE INTERACTIONAL
VIEW OF LANGUAGE

The target of language

learning in the
interactional view is
learning to initiate and
maintain conversations
with other people
METHOD DEFINITION ACCORDING TO RICHARD AND ROGERS
POPULAR METODOLOGY

Within the general area of methodology people talk about.

Approaches methods Procedures Techniques

 APPROACHES , METHODS , PROCEDURES AND
TECHNIQUES
An approach : describes how language is used and how
its constituent parts interlock in other words it offers a
model of language competence .
Method : a method is the practical realisation of an
approach . The originators of method have arrived at
decisions about types of activities , roles of teachers and
learners , the kinds of material which will be helpful and
some model of syllabus organisation
Procedure : is an ordered
sequence of techniques
TECHNIQUE : a common technique when
using video material is call silent viewing
.This is where the teacher plays the video
with no sound . Silent viewing is a single
activity rather than a sequence and as such
is a technique rather than a whole procedure
.
INFORMATION SOURCES

• THE PRACTICE OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE by

Jeremy Harmer
• APPROACHES AND METHODS by Richads and
Royers
• https://bed0910.wordpress.com/2009/10/07/q-
1-discuss-the-nature-of-language-and-explain-
how-it-is-learnt-cite-illustrative-examples/