Académique Documents
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Instructions
This is a group presentation/assignment which has to be presented in the
11th Lecture
Each Group should select one distinct topic and the same should not be
repeated by other groups
All the presentations/assignments should reach the faculty before the
commencement of the 11th Lecture
Each group will get 12 minutes for the presentation followed by viva of 8-
10 minutes
Presentation/Assignment will carry weightage of 12 marks and Individual
viva will be for 8 marks
Assignment Topic
Stanford memo, 1963 “those groups without whose support the organization would cease to exist”
Rhenman, 1964 “are depending on the firm in order to achieve their personal goals and on
whom the firm is depending for its existence”
Freeman and Reed, 1983 “can affect the achievement of the organization’s objectives or who is affected
by the achievement of an organization’s objectives”
Drivers for CSR
Rationales for Stakeholder Identification
A relationship exists
The firm and stakeholders are in relationship
Power Dependence: Stakeholder dominant
The firm is dependent on the stakeholder
The stakeholder has power over the firm
Power Dependence: Firm Dominant
The stakeholder is dependent on the firm
The firm has power over the stakeholder
Mutual Power-Dependence Relationship
The firm and stakeholder are mutually dependent
Basis for Legitimacy of Relationship
The firm and stakeholder are in contractual relationship
The stakeholder has a claim on the firm
The stakeholder has something at risk
The stakeholder has a moral claim on the firm
Stakeholder Interests-Legitimacy not implied
The stakeholder has an interest in the firm
Stakeholder classes
POWER
A relationship among actors, in
which actor A can get actor B
to do something that B would
not have done otherwise
Power Legitimacy
LEGITIMACY
A generalized perception that
the actions of an entity are
desirable, proper within some
socially constructed system of
norms, values, beliefs and
definition
URGENCY
The degree to which
Urgency stakeholder claims call for
immediate action
Stakeholder Typology
Power Legitimacy
LATENT STAKEHOLDER
1. Dormant Stakeholder- Power
2. Discretionary Stakeholder-Legitimacy 1. Dormant
Stakeholder
3. Demanding Stakeholder-Urgency
4. Dominant
Stakeholder
3. Demanding 8. Non
Stakeholder Stakeholder
Urgency
Stakeholder Power Analysis
Stakeholder Power Analysis
Stakeholders are the people who matter to a system
Stakeholder power analysis is a tool which helps understanding of how people
affect policies and institutions and how polices and institutions affect people
KEY QUESTIONS
Who they are
What they think
What influence they have
How to engage them
How to inform
How to stay in touch
If things change
Stakeholder Power analysis
6 Steps
Develop purpose and procedures of analysis and initial understanding of
the system
Identify key stakeholders
Investigate stakeholders interests, characteristics and circumstances
Identify patterns and contexts of interaction between stakeholders
Assess stakeholders power and potential roles
Assess options and use the findings to make progress
Step 1. Develop purpose and procedures of analysis and
initial understanding of the system
Stakeholders have very different degrees of power to control decisions that have
effects on policies and institutions, and they have different degrees of ‘potential’ to
contribute, or ‘importance’, to achieving a particular objective
Power to influence policies or institutions stems from the control of decisions with
positive or negative effects
Stakeholder power can be understood as the extent to which stakeholders are able
to persuade or coerce others into making decisions, and following certain courses
of action
Potential to affect, or to be affected by, policies and institutions resides in particular
characteristics specific to context and location – such as knowledge and rights
Step 5: Assess stakeholder power and
potential
Four General Strategies for stakeholder relations management
Engagement
Step 6 Assess options and use the findings to
make progress
To be useful, the analysis of the first five steps needs to be summarised in a form where
everyone’s interests and issues can be seen together.
Stakeholder relationships with the main problem and each other
Stake holder How affected by the Capacity/motivation Relationship with
problem to participate in other stakeholders
addressing the (e.g. partnership or
problem conflict_
The post-liberalization period expects the business to adopt the triple bottom line
approach as an inseparable part of their strategy to attain both shareholder value
and social value
History of CSR in India: Pre-British Era
Philanthropy of Indian businesses is deeply rooted in religious beliefs
Merchants charity in ancient India took various forms- treasury chests for the
needy, providing relief in times of famine and floods, provision of drinking water,
building temples, water tanks, wells, supporting schools etc
At an individual level they gave alms and food to the poor and needy, set up
traditional schools (pathshalas), constructed night shelters for poor and travellers,
built water tanks, commissioned artists to prepare religious texts, marriage
expenses of poor etc
There was a strong tradition of charity in almost all the business communities in
India
Philanthropy has often best been used by merchants to gain political power,
economic advantage, personal status and honour
Pre-Independence Period
The period between 1850 and early 1900 witnessed business setting up trusts and
endowment funds
The emphasis was on vocational and technical training, public health, power and water supply
and the Gandhian social reform movements
The credit for integrating social responsibility with the conscience of business goes principally
to business leaders such as JRD Tata, Ramakrishna Bajaj, Arvind Mafatlal and Kasturbhai Lalbhai
As champions of free enterprise, they feared that irresponsible behaviour by the business
community would lead the government to encroach on their freedom
The felt that business community was an essential ingredient of the democratic society and it
had a duty not only to create wealth but also to promote the ethical and social goals of the
community
Post-independence India
In 1965, the Seminar on Social responsibilities of business highlighted the concept of social
responsibility. It specified that business responsibilities comprised:
Responsibility towards consumers
Responsibility towards the community
Responsibility towards employees
Responsibility towards shareholders and other businesses
Responsibility towards the state
Post-independence India
The last decades of the twentieth century witnessed a swing from charity and
traditional philanthropy towards designing interventions in the area of ecology,
consumer education, developing rural markets etc
Many old multinationals like ITC, Hindustan Unilever became indianized and began
to feel the same responsibility as the indigenous businesses
Post-independence India
Individual companies define CSR in their own limited ways and contexts,
with the end result that all activities undertaken in the name of CSR are
merely philanthropy or an extension of philanthropy
Trusts and foundations work at arms length from the company, preventing
CSR from entering the mainstream and core business processes
Post-independence India
Four models of CSR coexist in India