OpenFOAM® Case Study

Flat Plate Resistance

2019.07.27
Lab Presentation
Tzu-Yao Huang

1
Table of Contents
• Governing Equation
• Domain Configuration
• Boundary Conditions
• Result
• Future Work

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Governing Equation
RANS Equation
ഥ𝑖
𝜕𝑢
=0
𝜕𝑥𝑖
ഥ𝑖
𝜕𝑢 𝜕ഥ ഥ𝑗
𝑢𝑖 𝑢 1 𝜕𝑝 𝜕 ഥ𝑖
𝜕𝑢 ഥ𝑗
𝜕𝑢 𝜕
+ = − + 𝜈 + + −𝜌𝑢𝑖′ 𝑢𝑗′
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥𝑗 𝜌 𝜕𝑥𝑖 𝜕𝑥𝑗 𝜕𝑥𝑗 𝜕𝑥𝑖 𝜕𝑥𝑗
Closure: 𝑘-𝜔 SST
𝜕𝑘 𝜕𝑘 𝜕 𝜕𝑘 ഥ𝑖
2 𝜕𝑢 ∗ 𝑆𝑘
+ 𝑢ത 𝑖 = 𝐷𝑘 +𝐺− 𝑘 − 𝛽 𝜔𝑘 +
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥𝑖 𝜕𝑥𝑖 𝜕𝑥𝑖 3 𝜕𝑥𝑖 𝜌
𝜕𝜔 𝜕𝜔 𝜕 𝜕𝑘 𝛾𝐺 2 ഥ𝑖
𝜕𝑢 𝑆𝜔
+ 𝑢ത 𝑖 = 𝐷𝜔 + − 𝛾𝜔 − 𝛽𝜔2 − 𝐹1 − 1 𝐶𝐷𝑘𝜔 +
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥𝑖 𝜕𝑥𝑖 𝜕𝑥𝑖 𝜈 3 𝜕𝑥𝑖 𝜌

3
Domain Configuration
• Structure Grid (blockMesh)

x y z
Block 1 Number 80 100 1

5L
Block 1 Grading 0.97 1.05 1.00
Block 2 Number 160 100 1
Block 2 Grading 1.015 1.05 1.00

y
x
z
4
Grid Figure

Inlet Outlet

Down Plate

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 Boundary Conditions

BDRY. 𝐮 𝑝 𝑘 𝜔 Top
Top 𝐧 ⋅ ∇𝐮 = 𝟎 𝑝=0 𝐧 ⋅ ∇𝑘 = 0 𝐧 ⋅ ∇𝜔 = 0
Down 𝐧 ⋅ ∇𝐮 = 𝟎 𝐧 ⋅ ∇𝑝 = 0 𝐧 ⋅ ∇𝑘 = 0 𝐧 ⋅ ∇𝜔 = 0 Outlet
Inlet (50, 0, 0) 𝐧 ⋅ ∇𝑝 = 0 0.375 3.402
Inlet
Outlet 𝐧 ⋅ ∇𝐮 = 𝟎 𝑝=0 𝐧 ⋅ ∇𝑘 = 0 𝐧 ⋅ ∇𝜔 = 0
Plate (0, 0, 0) 𝐧 ⋅ ∇𝑝 = 0 0.375 3.402
Sym. 2D 2D 2D 2D
3
𝑘0 = 2 𝐼 𝐮𝑟𝑒𝑓
2
, 𝐼 = 0.01, 𝐮𝑟𝑒𝑓 = (50, 0, 0)
Plate
𝜔0 =
𝑘 0.5
, 𝐶𝜇 = 0.09 Down
𝐶𝜇 𝐿

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Wall Function
• Dimensionless Variables
𝑦𝑢𝜏 𝑢
• 𝑦+ = , 𝑢+ =
𝜈 𝑢𝜏

• Viscous Sublayer 𝑦 + ∈ (0, 5)

• 𝑢+ = 𝑦 +
• Log – law Region 𝑦 + ∈ 5, 200
1
• 𝑢+ = ln 𝐸𝑦 +
𝜅

5 30 200

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OpenFOAM::nutkWallFunction()
• Effective Kinematic Viscosity (Log)
𝜌𝜅𝑢𝜏 𝑢
• 𝜏𝑤 = 𝜌𝑢𝜏2 =
ln 𝐸𝑦 +
𝜌𝜅𝑢𝜏 𝑢𝑝 𝜌𝜅𝑢𝜏 𝑦𝑝 𝑢𝑝 𝜇𝜅𝑦𝑝+ 𝑢𝑝
• = =
ln 𝐸𝑦𝑝+ ln 𝐸𝑦𝑝+ 𝑦𝑝 ln 𝐸𝑦𝑝+ 𝑦𝑝
𝜅𝑦𝑝+
• 𝜈𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝜈 = 𝜈 + 𝜈𝑡
ln 𝐸𝑦𝑝+

• Equations
𝜅𝑦𝑝+ +
𝜈 −1 𝑦𝑝+ > 𝑦𝑙𝑎𝑚
• 𝜈𝑡,𝑤𝑎𝑙 = ൞ ln 𝐸𝑦𝑝+
+
0 𝑦𝑝+ ≤ 𝑦𝑙𝑎𝑚
1/4
𝐶𝜇 𝑦 𝑘 1/4
• 𝑦+ = , 𝑢𝜏 = 𝐶𝜇 𝑘
𝜈
+
𝑦𝑙𝑎𝑚 8
OpenFOAM::xxxxxWallFunction()

omegaWallFunction() kqRWallFunction()
• Viscous Sublayer • Zero gradient condition
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• 𝜔+ = • 𝐧 ⋅ ∇𝜙 = 0
𝛽1 𝑦 + 2

• Log – law Region

1
• 𝜔+ =
𝜅 𝐶𝜇 𝑦 +

• Blending 𝜔
+ 2 + 2
• 𝜔+ = 𝜔𝑣𝑖𝑠 + 𝜔𝑙𝑜𝑔

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Result

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Result

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Result
𝑥 7
• 𝛿𝑥 = 0.37 1/5 , 𝑅𝑒 = 10
𝑅𝑒𝑥

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13
 6
𝑅𝑒 = 3 × 10

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 7
𝑅𝑒 = 1 × 10

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 7
𝑅𝑒 = 3 × 10

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 8
𝑅𝑒 = 1 × 10

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 8
𝑅𝑒 = 3 × 10

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 9
𝑅𝑒 = 1 × 10

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Discussion & Conclusion
• The larger 𝑅𝑒 is, the slighter the error is, which is due to:
• 𝑦+
• Wrong turbulence values
• Maybe perform the grid independency test.
• Adjust size of wall grid.
• Run in parallel in case of large grid number

20
Future Works
• Getting acquainted with Pointwise, Gmsh.
• Trying to simulate the resistance of DARPA SUBOFF.
• Trying to simulate the Free Surface.

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Questions and Comments

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