Articles, Nouns, and

Adjectives Agreement
Essential Question: What are they, and how do we make sure
that they agree?
 ARTICLES
• Articles come in two forms: DEFINITE Masculine Feminine
ARTICLES
• Definite articles – they mention specific
nouns. The speaker and listener know Singular el la
the specific person or object that is Plural los las
being talked about. The in English.
INDEFINITE Masculine Feminine
• Indefinite articles – they mention ARTICLES
general nouns, or the existence of Singular un una
objects, without mentioning specificity.
Plural unos unas
They translate to a/an and some.
 ARTICLES: Rules
• Articles are governed by rules: • Examples:
• They are written before the nouns they • el primo
mention.
• They must agree in number and gender
• una muchacha
of the nouns they are mentioning. • los amigos
• unas mujeres
 ARTICLES - EXAMPLES

a. The blue pen is mine. a. El bolígrafo azul es mío.

___
b. I have a Spanish dictionary. b. un diccionario español.
Yo tengo ___
c. We did not do the homework. c. la tarea.
No hicimos ___
d. They are using the Spanish books. d. los libros de español.
Ellos usan ___
e. Do you all have a question? e. ¿Vosotros tenéis una
___ pregunta?
f. There are pencils on the table. f. Hay unos
____ lápices en la mesa.
 NOUNS
• Nouns – a person, place, object, or idea. They can be generic or proper.
• Generic nouns: teacher, school, notebook, homework.
• Proper nouns: Mrs. Johnson, Sandalwood High School, Pilot Pen, Sony.
• All nouns have a gender: masculine OR feminine
• All nouns have a number: singular OR plural
 NOUNS - EXAMPLES
NOUNS MASCULINE
SINGULAR el lápiz, un estudiante, el
pupitre, un diccionario, el
proyecto, el teléfono, el
teclado
PLURAL los chicos, unos libros, los
marcadores, los carteles,
los borradores, unos
escritorios
FEMININE
la escuela, la profesora,
una manzana, una silla,
la tarea, la computadora,
una pluma
las mochilas, unas
ventanas, las puertas,
unas mesas, las lámparas
 ADJECTIVES
• Adjectives – describe nouns.
• They are written after the nouns they describe, not before.
• All adjectives agree in number and gender of the nouns that they are describing.
• Most masculine Spanish adjectives end in –o.
• Most feminine Spanish adjectives end in –a.
• Adjectives that end in –e are used for both masculine and feminine.
• Adjectives follow the same pluralization rules as nouns: Add an –s or –es.
 ADJECTIVES - EXAMPLES
NOUNS MASCULINE
SINGULAR El lápiz es amarillo.
El estudiante es artístico.
Hay un pupitre pequeño.
El profesor es sociable.
PLURAL Los chicos son atléticos.
Tengo unos bolígrafos coloridos. anaranjadas.
Los proyectos son buenos.
FEMININE
La manzana es roja.
Hay una silla cómoda.
La estudiante es muy
inteligente.
Ella tiene unas mochilas
Las chicas son cómicas.
Vosotras sois trabajadoras.
 ADJECTIVES - PRACTICE

a. The teacher is sociable. a. sociable

El profesor es ____________.
b. Some students are intelligent. b. inteligentes
Unos alumnos son ______________.
c. I have a white bookbag. c. blanca
Yo tengo una mochila __________.
d. María, are you tired? d. cansada
María, ¿estás ____________?
e. The chairs are broken. e. rotas
Las sillas están ___________.
f. We are very impatient. f. impacientes
Somos muy ________________.