ANALYSING

CONCENTRATION
OF ACIDS &
ALKALIS
 STANDARD SOLUTION

Standard solution is a solution that we

had already knew its concentration.

Volumetric flask is a apparatus with

certain volume to use preparation
standard solution
 STEPS HOW TO PREPARE THE
STANDARD SOLUTION

a) Calculate mass (g) of the chemical substance

was needed to preparation solution V cm3. V is a
volume volumetric flask.
b) Weight the g chemical substance accurately.
c) X g chemical substance will be dissolved into the
volumetric flask.
 PREPARATION STANDARD SOLUTION
SODIUM HYDROXIDE 0.1 mol dm-3

 (A) Calculate mass NaOH was

needed to preparing 100cm3 NaOH
solution 0.1 mol dm-3 like below:

 = number of mole NaOH

x
relative molecular mass
 STANDARD SOLUTION

Number of mole = concentration x volume

1000

= MV 1
1000
= mass(g)
RMM (g/mol) 2
1 = 2
MV / 1000 = mass(g)
RMM (g/mol)

mass (g) = MV x RMM

1000

MASS (g) NaOH = MV x (23+16+1)

1000
= 0.1 x 100 x 40 =0.4g
1000
(B) PREPARATION SOLUTION NaOH
1) Weight 0.4g NaOH solid accurately.

2) Move a solid into the small beaker and soluble in

20cm3 distilled water.

3) With used the funnel, NaOH solution moved into the

volumetric flask.

4) Add the distilled water until arrive the desire level.

5) Closed the volumetric flask and shake.

6) Now, the standard is 100 cm3 NaOH 0.1 mol dm-3

 DILUTION

meaning

formula

preparation
 REVISION
 Concentration (in g dm-3 unit) refers to an
amount of substance (in g) per unit volume
(1000cm3).
The unit is g dm-3.

Concentration (g dm-3) = Amount of substance (g)

Volume (dm3)
 DILUTION

Dilution is a process by adding more solvent

(eg: water) into a hard solution (concentrated
solution).
To dilute the solution means to increase its
volume, by adding more solvent but no more
solute.
 DILUTION

Dilution must be prepared using distilled water.

Clean water is required to prepare dilutions so
that the concentration of the diluted standard
can be known exactly.
 ? FORMULA

The total amount of = The total amount of solute

solute before dilution after dilution

M 1 V1 = M2V2
1000 1000
M 1 V1 M2V2
 EXAMPLE

Given that the concentration of solute is

100mg/L. and it was diluted by dispensing
10mL of solvent into a 1000mL volumetric
flask and filling it to the line with
distilled water. Calculate the
concentration of the diluted solution.
 CALCULATION

Use this equation,

M1V1 = M2V2
(100mg/L) (10mL) = M2 (1000mL)
M2 = (100mg/L) (10mL)
(1000mL)
M2 = 1.00mg/L
 TRY THIS

Given that the concentration of a standard

solution for dilution 10 g dm-3 nitrate is required
for testing. The lab has a 50 g dm-3 nitrate, some
pipettes, and a 100 cm3 volumetric flask.
Calculate the volume of 50 g dm-3 standard to
prepare 100cm3 of a 10 g dm-3 standard.
 ANSWER

Use this equation,

M1V1 = M2V2
(10 g dm-3) (100 cm3) = (50 g dm-3) V2
V2 = (10 g dm-3)(100 cm3)
(50 g dm-3)
V2 = 20.00cm3
 PREPARING DILUTION

Steps to follow :
1) Use a volumetric or automatic pipette to dispense
the chosen volume of concentrate standard into a
clean volumetric flask.
2) Fill the flask to volume with distilled water until
the bottom of the meniscus rests on the top of the
volumetric mark that is etched on the flask.
 PREPARING DILUTION

3) Invert the flask several times to

thoroughly mix the solution. Once
the dilution is prepared, the test
can be run on the diluted
standard.