Forces that Change the

Earth’s Surface
Presented and Explained by: Group 1
 Two Kinds Of Force that Changes the Earth’s
Surface
• Gradational Forces
• -are caused by
wind,ice,moving(flowing)water and
other living organisms
• Tectonic Forces
• -made up of two
groups of forces called
diastrophism and volcanism
• Diastrophism-refers to all movements of
the earth as an earthquake
• Volcanism-volcanic eruptions to make new
landforms as lava hardens
 Movements on the Earth’s Crust
Crustal Tectonic Plates

• Folding • -rock layers may also

• -is the bending of rock layers
due to strong pressure or strong
temperature extended on their
sides. It occurs over a wide area
wherein the anticline becomes a
folded mountain and the syncline
becomes a valley.
produce cracks which may later
break due to continuous pressure.
This causes rocks to slip or slide
along the crack and form fault.
When faulting occurs over a wide
area on the Earth’s crust, block
mountains are formed.
 Causes and Kinds of Earthquakes
• Tectonic Earthquake
• -are produced
when rocks slip along fault line. It is
also caused by two tectonic plates
rubbing together creating pressure.
• Volcanic Earthquake
• -are seldom, very
large and destructive.
• -are vibrations
often produced to signal an
upcoming volcanic eruption in a
particular area.
• Artificially Earthquakes
• -caused by a variety of man’s activities destroying
landmass it takes place on. Filling of new reservoir, underground detonation,
nuclear explosions, machine dredging activities many more.
 Earthquake Belts
• Earthquakes do not occur in all parts of the earth. There are certain areas
where it usually happens. Philippines, Japan, California, Chile and other
countries belong to a specific belt that is at the Pacific Ocean, The Pacific
Belt of Fire.
• There are three bets around the world. The Pacific Belt of Fire,
Mediterranean Belt of Fire and the Fire and the Atlantic Ocean Ridges.
 What is Magnitude and Intensity?
• Itensity • Magnitude
• -the strength that an • -the power of an
earthquake releases is called earthquake that is released at the
intensity. focus of a quake.
 What to do During and After an Earthquake

1. Do not panic- this may cause confusion as to where your going to that may
slow down you movements.
2. Establishments- if you’re inside a building perhaps, turn off electric
appliances at once and hide under a sturdy table or chair.
3. Your Bag- avoid carrying things(heavy things) like your bag, luggage and
many more because it may slowdown your movement.
4. Tall things- avoid standing near light posts, trees or any tall and big object
because that may collapse.
5. Electrical wirings. Avoid touching loose wires that may cause pain to your
body. Also watch out for fire that may break out due to excessive electricity.
 The End
Thank You Very Much!!!!!!