lh=lk=P;= k|0ffnLsf] kl/ro

(Global Positioning System : Introduction)

Mukunda paudel
 lh=lk=P;= eg]sf] s] xf] < What
is GPS?
 lh=lk=P;= sf] k"/f ¿k Unf]jn
kf]lh;lgª l;:6d -Global positioning System_
xf] .

 lh=lk=P;=sf] ;DaGw k[YjLsf jl/kl/

cfsfzdf w'ld/x]sf ;"rgf pku|xx¿;Fu x'G5 .
h;sf] cfwf/df xfdL k[YjLsf] s'g cIff+z,
b]zfGt/, / prfOdf 5f}+ eGg] s'/f kQf
nufpg ;lsG5 .
GPS e"–pku|x k|0ffnL
 @$ j6f e"–pku|xx? x'G5g\
h;df @! j6f ;lqmo / # j6f
;Gt'ng sfod ug]{ sfd ub{5g\ .
 e"–pku|xx? k[YjLsf] ;txaf6
s/La @),@)) ls=dL= 6f9f /xL
k[YjLnfO{ kl/qmdf ub{5g\ .
 e"–pku|xx? s/La !$,$))
ls=dL= k|lt 306fsf] ultdf
k[YjLsf] kl/qmdf ul//x]sf
GPS e"–pku|x k|0ffnL
 k|To]s e"–pku|nfO{
k[YjLsf] sIfdf -k[YjL 3'Dg_
!@ 306f nfU5 .
 k[YjLsf] s'g} klg :yfgaf6 $
b]lv !) j6f e"–pku|x b]Vg
;lsG5 .
 s'g} :yfgsf] ;lx hfgsf/L kQf
nufpg sDtLdf # j6f e"–
pku|xaf6;+u ;Dks{ x'g'
 cGtl/If

lgoGq0f k|of]ustf{
jg If]qdf lh=lk=P;=sf] pkof]u
 jgsf] ;Ldfgf gfkL ug{ / gS;f agfpg .
 jg v08 tyf pkv08x¿sf] l;dfgf gfkL ug{ /
gS;f agfpg .
 jg ;|f]t ;j]{If0fsf nflu :ofDkn Kn6x¿sf] :yfg
lgwf{/0f ug{ / tL :yfgx¿ k'gM kQf nufpg
.
 jGohGt'sf] af;:yfg / kfgLsf >f]t yfxf kfpg
.
 jGohGt'sf] ultljwL -lx8]sf]_ yfxf kfpg .
 jg 89]nf] nfu]sf] :yfg yfxf kfpg -nf]s]6
lhlkP;sf] k5f8L efusf] hfgsf/L
lhlkP;sf] cuf8L efusf] hfgsf/L
lhlkP;sf] sL (Buttons) jf/]
hfgsf/L
 GPS sf k]haf/] hfgsf/L

lhlkP;df lgDg k]hx? x'G5g\M

!= d'Vo d]g' k]h (Main Menu Page)
@= ;]6]nfO{6 k]h (Satellite Page)
#= sDkf; k]h (Compass Page)
$= Dofk k]h (Map Page)
%= l6«k sDKo'6/ (Trip computer)
 != d'Vo d]g' k]h (Main Menu Page)
 etrex-10, etrex20, etrex30 /,
c? GPS df power on ubf{
GPS df z'?df d]g' k]h
b]lvG5, cyjf d]g' ls lyr]/ d]g'
k]hdf hfg ;lsG5 .

 o; k]hdf Mark waypoint, Map,

Waypoint Manager, Area
Calculation, Trip computer,
Setup, Calculator, Calendar,
Stop watch, camera, cflb
d'Vo d]g' k]h (Main Menu Page)
 o;df d'Vo tyf To; leqsf ;xfos
kfgfx? x'G5g\
 j] KjfO{G6 lng] -gof+ j]
KJFfO{G6 /]s8{ ug]{ _
 j] KjfO{G6 Dofg]h/ -/]s8{
ul/Psf j] KjfO{G6x?sf] lni6
x]g{ nfO{ _
 j] KjfO{G6 Dofg]h/ af6
lh=lk=;= df /]s8{ ePsf j]
KjfO{G6x? l8nL6 ug{ jf pQm
kf]O{G6x?df Go to ug{ ;lsG5
.
 ;]6]nfO{6 k]h (Satellite Page)
 o; k]hn] :of6nfO{6sf]
l:ylt b]vfp+5 .
 dl; el/Psf 7f8f af/x?sf]
prfO{n] ;]6nfO{6 ;+usf]
;Dks{ Ifdtf atfp+5 .
 l:qmgsf] jfof k6\6Lsf]
aLrlt/ GPS + GlONASS eGbf
d'lg To; 7f+psf] cjl:yltsf]
cg'dflgt q'l6 (EPE)
b]vfpF5 .
 o;sf] dfg sl/j % dL6/ jf
 sDkf; k]h (Compass Page)
 of] k]hsf] k|of]u /]s8{ ul/Psf]
s'g} j] KjfO{G6df hfgsf] nflu
pkof]uL x'G5 .
 Speed n] lxl8 /x]sf] j]u
b]vfp+5 .
 Distance to Next n] tkfO{ lxl8
/x]sf] jf plePsf] 7f+p af6
k'Ug' kg]{ 7f+psf] larsf] b"/L
b]vfp5
 Time to next n] tkfO{ lxl8
/x]sf] Speed df uf]6' (Goto)
 sDkf; k]h (Compass Page)
 ETA at Dest n] uf]6' (Goto)
u/]sf KjfO{G6 slt jh]
k'luG5 eGg] b]vfp5 .
 lardf /x]sf] sDkf;sf] P/f]n]
tkfO{ stf hfg' kg]{ xf] ;f]
sf] lbzflgb]{z ub{5 . t/ Tof]
P/f]n] tkfO{ hfg' kg]{ ;lx
lbzf b]vfpgsf] nflu nuftf/
lxl8 /xg' kb{5 . s'g} j]nf
lbzf unt b]vfPdf s]lx kfOnf
 Dofk k]h (Map Page)
 xfdLn] lnPsf] j] KjfO{G6x? b]vfp5 .
 6«ofs nu u/]/ lx8\g' ePsf] 5 eg] xfdL
lx8]sf] af6f] kftnf] /]vfn] -Track log)
b]vfp5 .
 l6«k sDKo'6/ (Trip Computer)
 Elevation n] ;d'Gb||L ;txaf6
tkfO{ slt prfO{ df x'g'x'G5
eGg] b]vfp5 .
 Trip odometer n] GPS on ul/
;s]kl5 tkfO{ slt lx8\g' ef]
eGg] b]vfp5 .
 Speed n] tkfO{ lxl8 /x]sf] ult
b]vfp5 .
 Max Speed n] tkfO{sf] l6«ksf]
pRr ult slt lyof] eGg] b]vfp5
.
 GPS on u/] b]lv slt 3G6f slt
lh=lk=P;= ;]l6ª
(GPS Setting)
 GPS sf] ;]l6ª k|lqmof

 z'?df Menu key lyRg] -

cfjZos k/] b'O{ kN6
lyRg] _
 To; kl5 bfofF 5]pdf
b]vfP h:Tff] cfpF5 .
 To; kl5 Menu k]hdf Stick
key jf up, down key sf]
;xfotfn] setup cfO{sgdf
dfs{ ul/ ok ug]{
•Unit
Distance and speed
metric
Elevation (vertical speed)
meters (m/min)

•Time
Time format
12-Hour/24-Hour
Time zone
Automatic
 GPS sf] ;]l6ª k|lqmof
System ;]l6ªdf bfof lrqdf b]vfP adf]lhd ldnfpg]
 GPS sf] ;]l6ª k|lqmof
Display ;]l6ªdf bfof lrqdf b]vfP adf]lhd
ldnfpg]
 GPS ;]l6ª k|lqmof
Page Sequence ;]l6ªdf bfof lrqdf b]vfP adf]lhd
ldnfpg]
 GPS ;]l6ª k|lqmof
Units ;]l6ªdf bfof lrqdf b]vfP adf]lhd
ldnfpg]
 GPS ;]l6ª k|lqmof
Time ;]l6ªdf bfof lrqdf b]vfP adf]lhd
ldnfpg]
 GPS ;]l6ª k|lqmof
Global Standard Setting (UTM Formate)
 Nepal system df ;]l6ª k|lqmof
-gfkL ljefun] tof/ u/]sf] cg';f/_

Postion Format df Nepal ;]l6ªsf]

nflu xfdL s'g
If]qdf sfd ub}{5f} ToxL If]q cg';f/ tnsf]
tflnsf cg';f/ ldnfpg]

 Mahakali to Rapti : E 081

 Rapti to Bagmati : E 084
 Bagmati to Mechi : E 087
 GPS ;]l6ª k|lqmof
;]l6ªsf] nflu tn lrqdf
Position Format df Nepal sf]
b]vfP adf]lhd ldnfpg]

 User Grid df Double

Click u/] UTM
b]lvG5 To; leq
hfg] / g]kfnsf]
nflu yk ;]l6ª
ldnfpg' k5{ .
lh=lk=P; af6 8f6f lng]
ljlw
 ;]6nfO{6 sg]Szg / O{lkO{ sf]
hfgsf/L
lh=lk=P;sf] ;]6nfO{6 k]hdf
hfg]
;]6nfO{6 ;+usf] sg]S;g x]g]
a9L eGbf a9L ;]6nfO{6 ;+u
sg]S;g x'g] / ;]6nfO{6 l;Ugn
:ki6 cfpg] ;do ;Dd s'g]{
EPE (Estimated Precisional
Error) x]g{sf] nflu (GPS)
n]lvPsf] 7fpFdf cfPsf] cf+s
x]g]{ . yf]/} c+s cfPdf a9L
Accurate / a9L cfPdf sd
 GPS åf/f :6]zg dfls{Ë
EPE ;j}eGbf sd / Tower Signal ;j}eGbf a9L
eO;s]k5L Mark Waypoints Page df hfg]

Mark Waypoint Highlight eP k5L Enter jf Ok

Key lyRg] Etrex 10 df xf] eg] Rocker Key
nfO{ l;wf cF7\ofpg]
Enter
jf
OK
 Way points field Book df
/]s8{dfug]{
• To; kl5 GPS Screen b]lvPsf] waypoint no.
, X , Y / Elevation cfĝf] Field Book df gf]6
ug]{ .

• lkmN8 a's ebf{ kmd]{6df lbO{Psf ;Dk"0f{

ljj/0fx? n]lvPsf] x'g'kg]{ .

• To; kl5 GPS Screen sf] bfof d'lg kl6\6 Done

eGg] Option df Mark ePsf] x'G5 / Enter jf OK
u/] kl5 waypoint Save x'G5 .
 lh=lk=P; af6 8f6f lng] ljlw

 :6]zg g+= (Way Point) Number ebf{ lh=lk=P; n]

lbg] wayEasting/X-cordinate/Longitude gf]6
ubf{ GPS n] lbg] klxnf] Reading gf]6 ug]{
 Northing/Y-cordinate/Latitude gf]6 ubf{ GPS n]
lbg] bf];|f] Reading gf]6 ug]{
 prfO{ gf]6 ubf{ Elevation gf]6 ug]{
 point number n]Vg]
Waypoint or Marking point
Delete ug]{ k|s[of
Waypoint or Marking point Delete ug]{
k|s[of ;a} Ps}rf]l6 Delete ug]{ k|lqmof M
 z'?df Menu hfg] To;kl5 waypoint Manager df click
ug]{ To;kl5 waypoint x?sf] List b]lvG5 .
 ;a} waypoint x? Delete ug]{ xf] eg] Option sf] nflu
Menu key lyRg] Delete all eGg] Option b]lvG5, Click
u¥of} eg] ;a} waypoint x? Delete x'G5 .

Enter Menu
jf OK lyRg]
 Waypoint Rename ug]{ k|s[of

1. Waypoint manager df uO{ waypoint vf]Ng]

Stick
key jf
Up ,
Down Enter
key jf OK
k|of]
ug]
{

• cGtdf done df click ug]{

 Practice Makes Man Perfect
cEof; u/] ;lsG5 gu/] eGg ;lsGg

wGojfb Û