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•Plows invert the soil and cover the trash, but they
often leave the soil in large liner lumps that must
be reduced in size.
1.Row-crop cultivators.
2.Field cultivators.
3.Rotary hoes.
4.Rototillers.
9/2/2019 DMA: Chapter 8 Hartmann's Plant 21
Science, 4th edition
• Land Preparation (Row-crop cultivators)
• Fruit may
1. Protects seeds
2. Helps disseminate نشرseeds.
• The scar that remains after breaking the seed from the
stalk is called the hilum, and the small opening near
the hilum is the micropyle. The ridge on the seed is the
raphe (Fig. 8-4).
9/2/2019 DMA: Chapter 8 Hartmann's Plant 72
Science, 4th edition
Monocots and dicots plants differ in
many anatomical details:
Fig 35-1. A comparison of monocots and dicots. These two groups of angiosperms are named for the number of cotyledons, or seed leaves, present
on the embryo of the plant. Monocots include orchids, bamboos, palms, lilies, and yuccas, as well as the grasses, such as wheat, corn, and
rice. A few examples of dicots are roses, beans, sunflowers, and oaks (which are all eudicots, the largest class of angiosperms with the dicot-
type anatomy).