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Introduction to Internet
AIT2 IT Concept and SAD Development
Identify each of the ARPANET and the INTERNET

• ARPANET (The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network )

was the network that became the basis for the Internet.
• in 1967, ARPANET was developed under the direction of the
U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
• In 1969, the idea became a modest reality with the
interconnection of four university computers.
• The initial purpose was to communicate with and share computer
resources among mainly scientific users at the connected
institutions.
Basic Internet Definition
• ARPANET - The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
which is the precursor to the Internet.
• ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
The de facto world wide standard code for alphanumeric
characters.
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator. A unique name that identifies
an Internet site.
• WWW - World Wide Web. The universe of hypertext servers.
• Browser - A program that is specifically used to look at various
WWW resources.
• Domain Name - A unique name that identifies an Internet site.
Basic Internet Definition

• E-mail - Messages, usually text, sent from one person to another

via a computer.
• Client - Any computer that makes use of services available from
other computers.
• Host - A computer or software package which provides a specific
kind of service to other computers. One that is seen by other
computers on the Internet.
• Server - Any computer that makes services available to other
computers.
• Modem - A device that allows a computer to use a phone line to
communicate with another computer.
Basic Internet Definition

• Protocol - The rules of conduct which enables a computer to

communicate with another computer.
• PPP - A protocol that allows a computer to use a telephone line and
a modem to make TCP/IP connections.
• TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. This is
the protocol which defines the Internet.
• Fire Wall - A combination of hardware and software that separates
a LAN into two or more parts for security purposes.
Introduction to Internet
• The internet in simple terms is a network of the interlinked
computer networking worldwide, which is accessible to the
general public.
• These interconnected computers work by transmitting data
through a special type of packet switching which is known as the
IP or the internet protocol.
• The World Wide Web (www) is only a portion of what makes
up the internet, but it is the fastest growing part of the internet.
• The Web lets people, organizations and companies publish
information for other people to see.
Introduction to Internet

• The Web is a large number of computer documents or "Web

pages" .
• They are stored on computers around the world and are connected
to one another using hyperlinks.
• These Web pages can be seen by anyone through their computer's
"Web Browser”.
• A group of Web pages that follow the same theme and are
connected together with hyperlinks is called a "Web site" .
• Web sites and Web pages are written in a coding language that
makes it possible to add pictures, sound and interactivity to plain
old text .
Services through the net

Major services:
• Email – Electronic Mail
• FTP – File Transfer Protocol
• Gopher
• Newsgroups
• Telnet – Remote session
• WAIS – Wide Area Information System
• WWW – World Wide Web
How to Connect to the Internet

you need an Internet service provider (ISP). An ISP can be one of

the following types:
• dial-up,
• broadband,
• wireless,
• wireless mobile, or
• satellite.
Internet Connection: Wired

Broadband Options
Dial-up Cable DSL FiOS
• Least • Offered by • Uses • Fastest of the three
expensive your cable TV telephone line broadband
• Use regular provider to carry digital alternatives
phone line to • Cable speeds signal • Speeds top out at 50
connect to range from 1 • Average Mbps
network Mbps – 50 speeds of 384 • Can carry Internet ,
• $10-$30 per Mbps Kbps – 7 phone, and TV over
month Mbps fiber optic cables
• Very slow,
maxing out at
56 Kbps
Internet Connection: Wireless

Wireless Options
WiMax Mobile Satellite Municipal WiFi
• Includes 3G and 4G • More global and • Offered in some cities
services that more expensive and towns
connect to the option
Internet via cellular • Considered when
networks other options are not
available
How to access the Internet?

• Many schools and businesses have direct access to the Internet

using special high-speed communication lines and equipment.
• Students and employees can access through the organization’s
local area networks (LAN) or through their own personal
computers.
• Another way to access the Internet is through Internet Service
Provider (ISP).
• ISP is a commercial organization with permanent connection to
the Internet
• Examples: STC Online, Microsoft network, AT&T Networks.
What are the Browsers & Search Engines

• Web browsers are programs used to explore the Internet.

Internet Mozilla Google Chrome Apple

Explorer Firefox Safari
• Released in • Released in • Released in 2008 • Most popular
1995 2004 • Streamlined browser for Macs
• Leading Web • Similar in interface, similar • Bundled with
browser look to IE to IE and Firefox Mac OS X and
• Included with • Free and easy • Main focus is on also available for
Windows to install speed; Web pages Windows
do load faster • Neat feature is
• Not as many Top Sites
features as IE preview
and Firefox
What are the Browsers & Search Engines

• A Web Search Engine is designed to search for information on the World

Wide Web.
• The search results are generally presented in a line of results often referred
to as search engine results pages (SERPs).
• Google is the most popular search engine in the world, and a multinational,
publicly-traded organization built around the company's hugely popular
search engine.
 User can search for any information by writing what he is looking for in
the search text box.
 Google can view the searched information as a web pages, pictures and
there is a part for Maps, YouTube, and news.
 Google have its own E-Mail Application called “Gmail”.
Uniform Resource Locators (URL)
• The IP address and the domain name each identify a particular computer on
the Internet.
• However, they do not indicate where a Web page’s HTML document resides
on that computer.
• To identify a Web pages exact location, Web browsers rely on Uniform
Resource Locator (URL).
• URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser:
 What transfer protocol to use for transporting the file
 The domain name of the computer on which the file resides
 The pathname of the folder or directory on the computer on which the file
resides
 The name of the file
Uniform Resource Locators (URL)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

• Tells your computer what type of page you are looking at.
• If you see HTTPs, it is a secure Webpage.
• FTP is for File Transfer Protocol.
• WWW represents the computer or server on the site you are
viewing.
Domain Name
The name always has two or more parts separated by a dot. The last part of the name identifies the site
• Top-Level Domains:
• .edu – Educational Institutions
• .com – Company / Commercial Organizations
• .org – Non-profit Organizations
• .net – Network, network of sites
• .mil – Military Installations
• .gov – Government sites
• Sub Domains:
• .sa – Saudi Arabia
• .in - India
• .jp - Japan
• .uk – United Kingdom
What is E-Mail and How to Use it?

• Email, sometimes written as e-mail, is simply the shortened

form of “electronic mail,” a system for receiving, sending, and
storing electronic messages.
How To setup Student E-Mail in Umm Alquara
University (UQU)

• Each student already has Student ID after enrolling in Umm

Alquara University. So, the email will be started with S and then
the student ID; For example, s43501234@st.uqu.edu.sa
• To log-in:
• click on student email link in the top of UQU home page.
• Fill the username which is student email
(s43501234@st.uqu.edu.sa) and the password that started
with St and then the Saudi ID (St1098765432).
• Note: For first time login student needs to choose the
language (i.e. Arabic) and the time zone (i.e. Riyadh)
Internet Behavior and ETHICS

• You shall not use internet to harm other people.

• You shall not snoop around in other people's internet files.
• You shall not use a internet to steal or hack.
• You shall not use other people's internet resources without
authorization or proper compensation.
• You shall always use internet in ways that show consideration
and respect for your fellow humans.
• You should not upload articles that may scratch others
psychological manners.
Internet Security

• Internet security is a tree branch of computer security specifically related to

the Internet, often involving browser security but also network security on
a more general level as it applies to other applications or operating systems
on a whole.
Types of security
• Network layer security
• Internet Protocol Security (IPsec)
• Security token
• Electronic mail security (E-mail)
Firewalls
• A computer firewall controls access between networks. It generally
consists of gateways and filters which vary from one firewall to another
Internet Security
Create Strong, Secure Passwords
• Pick a phrase you can remember with a number in it, like "A bird
in the hand is worth two in the bush."
• Change that number (in this case, "two") to its numerical
equivalent: A bird in the hand is worth 2 in the bush
• Condense the phrase by only using the first letter of each word:
Abithiw2itb
• Add some special characters you can remember: #Abithiw2itb!
Internet Security
Keep Your Other Information Protected
• The protection of Credit Cards
 Use temporary credit card numbers.
 Use trustful website having https protocol
• How to keep Mobile Technology Secure
 Use tools to keep the laptops and mobile phones secure
from tampering,
 Initiate a remote data to wipe in the event of a breach, to
Send messages or to locate the device.
• End