principles of motion

Biomedical Physics
• What causes motion?

• What kinds of motion are there?

• Which factors determine the kind of motion?

• What are the laws of motion?

• Which are the examples of motion in human body?

Cause of Motion
• Force is responisble to create Motion
• Examples are -pushing the object
-pulling the object
-attract object with magnet

• Force must be greater than the resistance offered by

object
Kinds of Motion
• Rotatory Motion (Angular Motion)

• object rotates around a fixed axis

• body part moves around fixed joint axis
Rotatory Motion (Angular Motion)
Rotatory Motion (Angular Motion)
Kinds of Motion
• Translatory Motion
• object is translated from one location to another
• human body moves from one place to another

• Translatory Motion is further classified into

1. Rectilinear Motion
2. Curvilinear Motion
Kinds of Motion
• Rectilinear motion
• Linear progression of an object or human as a whole with all of its
parts moving the same distance, in same direction and at a uniform
rate of speed
Rectilinear motion
Kinds of Motion
• Curvilinear Motion
• Motion in a curved path which may or may not be a circle
• It may be either circular or noncircular
Curvilinear Motion
Kinds of Motion
• Difference between Circular and Rotatory Motion
Kinds of Motion
• Example of Combination of Rotatory and Translatory
movement in human body

• Joints have axis, so body segments performs Rotatory motion

• Joint bones have gliding movements, so body segments performs
Translatory motion
Kinds of Motion
• Reciprocating motion
• Repetitive translatory movement like bouncing ball

• Oscillation
• Repetitive rotatory (angular) movements like pendulum or vibration
of tunning fork
Oscillation
Kinds of Motion Experienced by the
Body
• The human body experiences all of these kinds of motion

• When joint moves, it has angular motion and slight

translatory motion also

• The whole body experences rectilinear translatory

movement when it is acted upon by the force of gravity
Kinds of Motion Experienced by the
Body
Kinds of Motion Experienced by the
Body
Kinds of Motion Experienced by the
Body

internal force
Kinds of Motion Experienced by the
Body

external force
Kinds of Motion Experienced by the
Body
Kinds of Motion Experienced by the
Body
• The body experiences rotatory motion in forward and
backward rolls on the ground and in somersaults in the air

• The body experiences curvilinear translatory motion in high

jumping and hurdling
Kinds of Motion Experienced by the
Body

Somersault on ground (Rotatory motion)

Kinds of Motion Experienced by the
Body

Somersault in air (Rotatory motion)

Factors which Determine the Kind of
Motion
• Factors responsible for linear motion
• Point of application of force

• Friction

• Obstacle (Hurdle)
Factors which Determine the Kind of
Motion
• Factors responsible for rotatory motion
• Provide Off center force to object
Factors which Determine the Kind of
Motion
• Factors responsible for circular motion
• Provide secondary force or provide limited pathway
Factors which Determine the Kind of
Motion
• Factors responsible for reciprocating motion
• Provide uniform repetition of force applications

• Factors responsible for oscillation

• Oscillation of pendulum is produced by repeated applications of
gravitational force to a suspended object which is free to move
back and forth