The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

University College of Engineering & Technology

EEN-324
Power Electronics

Inverters
Chp#10

1
Engr. Muhammad Bilal
shahid
INTRODUCTION
 Conversion of available DC source into AC of variable
frequency is accomplished by force commutated inverters.

 The frequency of AC at output can be varied by controlling

the conduction period of thyristors.

 Output voltage of inverter has periodic waveform that is

not sinusoidal but can be made to closely approximate this
desired waveform.

 Inverters are used in industrial applications, including

speed control of induction and synchronous motor, aircraft
power supplies, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and
high-voltage DC transmision.
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Half-Bridge Inverter

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Square-wave output

Step-wave output

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 VOLTAGE SOURCE
INVERTER
(VSI)

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Half-Bridge VSI

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Example 10.1

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 Full-Bridge VSI

State S1 S2 S3 S4 Output Voltage

1 On Off Off On +E
2 Off On On Off -E
3 On Off Off On +E
4 Off On On Off -E
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 Square-Wave output
With Inductive RL load

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Step-Wave output

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Inverter Voltage Control Techniques

1- Control of DC input voltage supplied to the inverter

2- Control of AC output voltage of the inverter

3- Control of the voltage within the inverter

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 PULSE-WIDTH MODULATION

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(A) SINGLE PULSE-WIDTH MODULATION

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 (B) MULTIPLE PULSE-WIDTH
MODULATION

Variable duty cycle with (a) m= 2

m= 5 (b) m= 3 15
(C) SINUSOIDAL PULSE-WIDTH MODULATION

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PWM INVERTERS
Single-phase Full-Bridge Inverters

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 THREE-PHASE BRIDGE
VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTERS

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 For providing adjustible-frequency power to
industrial applications, three-phase inverters are
more common than single-phase inverters.

 It converts DC input voltage to a three-phase

variable-frequency variable-voltage output.

 A basic three-phase inverter is six-step bridge

inverter. It uses minimum of six thyristors. In
inverter terminology, a step is defined as a change in
firing from one thyristor to the next in proper
sequence. For one cycle of 360°, each step is of 60°
interval. Means thyristors are gated at regular
intervals of 60° in proper sequence so that a 3-phase
ac voltage is synthesized at the output terminals of
six-step inverter.
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 Three-phase bridge inverter can be constructed by
combining three single-phase half-bridge inverters.

 There are two fundamental modes that complete one

cycle with six switchings:
(a) 120° conduction type
(b) 180° conduction type

In these modes, gating signals are applied and removed at

60° intervals of the output waveform. Therefore, both these
modes require six step bridge inverter.

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120° CONDUCTION TYPE

 Each switch conducts for period of 120°

 Only two switches are conducting at a time, one from

positive group and other from negative group.

 To eliminate possibility of shorting out the DC source,

make sure two switches in the same leg are not on
simultaneously.

 An interval of 60 elapses between end of conduction in one

switch and beginning of conduction of other switch in
same leg.

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Circuit diagram

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Voltage waveforms
for three-phase
bridge inverter with
120° conduction
and resistive load.

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Current waveforms for
three-phase bridge
inverter with 120°
conduction and resistive
load.

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180° CONDUCTION TYPE

 Each switch conducts for period of 180°

 Three switches are conducting at a time (situation of all

positive or negative on should be avoided)

 There is no off period between conduction of two switches

from same legs.

 No two switches in same leg are on simultaneously.

 Zero state intervals are avoided in output phase voltages.

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Voltage waveforms
for three-phase
bridge inverter with
180° conduction
and resistive load.

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Current waveforms for
three-phase bridge
inverter with 180°
conduction and resistive
load.

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