CLASS PRESENTATION ON -: INNATE

AND ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

MAKHAN LAL PATEL

M.SC. 3RD SEM
GURU GHASIDAS VISHWAVIDYALAYA
BILASPUR ( C.G.)
ROLL NO. 16402217
 IMMUNITY
• Immunis meaning “exempt”
• Immunity is state of protection from infectious
diseases
• phenomenon -: Thucydides ..plague..430 BC..
• Variolation… china and Turks.. 15th century
• Edward Jenner …small pox… 1798
• Louis pasteure…cholera..vaccine..in chickens,
anthrax in ship, 1885 rabbies vaccine..
Human..joshef meister.
 INNATE IMMUNITY
4 types of defensive barriers -:
1. Anatomic
2. Physiologic
3. Phagocytic
4. Inflammatory
(1)Anatomic barriers -: (A) Skin
1.Epidermis -:contains several layers of Epithelial
cells, Dead cells, water proof protein keratin
2. Dermis -: composed of connective tissue, contain
blood vessels, hair follicle, sebaceous glands,
sweat glands.
sebum -: lactic acid, fatty acids … pH 3-5
-: Breaks in the skin - routes for infection.
also penetrated by biting insects…
eg. mosquito… malaria ..plasmodium parasite.
 (B) mucous membrane
-: conjunctivae, alimentary, respiratory, and
urogenital tracts are lined by mucous memb.
consists outer epithelial and underlying layer of
connective tissue.
mucous – viscous fluid ..entraps mic.orgs.
some non pathogenic orgs colonized in
epithelial surface …they compete with
pathogens for…surface…nutrients
-: influenza virus..can attach…
(2) Physiologic barriers
Temperature, pH, various soluble factors, and
cell associated molecules…
pH -: e.g. - Gastric acidity…
Soluble factors -: soluble protein Lysozyme,
interferon's, complement
proteins, pattern recognition
molecules.
Complement proteins -: a group of serum
proteins normally in inactive state.. Activated by
immunologic mechanisms..
e.g. Collectins…surfactant..disrupts lipid memb.
Or alternate…to susceptible for
phagocytosis.
Pattern recognition molecules
have the ability to recognize a given class of
molecules..
they may be soluble or cell associated
receptors… e.g. TLRs
TLRs recognizes lipopolysaccharides
found on gm neg. bacteria.
(3) Phagocytic barriors
Blood monocytes, neutrophils, tissue
macrophages.
(4) Inflammatory barriers
Complex sequence of events.
Signs -: redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function.
Events -: 1.vasodilation, 2.increase in capillary permeability
3.influx of phagocytes into tissues
Chemical mediators -: acute phase proteins,
e.g.. c- reactive protein
histamine have role in vasodilation and increased
permeability of capillaries.
kinins present in blood plasma ..inactive form..
tissue injury – activation.
bradykinin stimulates pain receptors in skin
fibrin -: blood clotting
 ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
Characteristics -:
1 antigenic specificity
2 diversity
3 immunologic memory
4 self/ non self recognition
Effective immune response -: involves 2 major
type of cells-: T lymphocytes and antigen
presenting cells
(1) B lymphocytes –: bone marrow.. They have Ab
in cell memb.
-: neive b cell encounters with Ag . Causes the
cell to divide rapidly to
-memory B cells and effector B cells
quick response to secretes Abs
next exposure Humoral immunity
(2) T lymphocytes -: arise in bone marrow .
Cell mediated immunity
Migrates to thymus to mature.. Have TCR
Ag binding molec.
TCR recognizes only those Ag. That is bound to
MHC molecule.
Types -: 1.THelper 2. TCytotoxic 3. TSuppressor.
Diversity in B and T cells Ag receptors -:
Specificity is created by-: random rearrangement of series
of gene segments that encodes Ab and TCR
MHC molecules-: class 1 and 2
distal region display wide variation in A.A. seq.
This region form cleft with Antigenic polypeptide..and
presented to T lymphocytes.
Ag processing and presentation.