KUMUH - LEGAL (SLUM SETTLEMENT)

KAMPUNG

Pengantar Kajian Perumahan (Housing Studies)

Minggu Ke-6
BAGAIMANA KEHIDUPAN PERMUKIMAN
DI KAMPUNG AREA?
Sumber: Prof. Sudaryono, 2009
 31 Kelurahan memiliki
area slum settlement
45 Kelurahan

Sumber: Prof. Sudaryono, 2009

 KEHIDUPAN
SLUM
SETTLEMENT?

NON FISIK? FISIK?

PELUANG/
POTENSI
PENGEMBANGAN?
??
 NON
FISIK?

AKTIVITAS AKTIVITAS
EKONOMI SOSIAL

AKTIVITAS
BUDAYA
 Compact Kampung :
A Working Concept
• As a concept, “compactness” has its long
history in everyday lifes of people living in
kampungs

• “Compactness” in the context of “compact

kampung” is compactness of formal and
informal sectors of kampung

• Measuring “Compact kampung”:

– social integration
– economic integration, and
– physical integration

• Scope of the research: compactness of formal

and informal sectors within the kampung, and
compactness between informal sector of
kampung and formal sector of the city

Sumber: Prof. Sudaryono, 2009

Sources of Income of Kampung Inhabitants

Legend :
Sumber: Prof. Sudaryono, 2009 Becak Driver

Carpenter

Building Cons- truc

Labour
Street Trader

Tailor
Washing Clothes
Home-Based
Industry
Government Officer
Soldiers

Private Sector

Trader

Sumber: Prof. Sudaryono, 2009

SOCIAL INTEGRATION
• To include all social activities,
social consensus, social contracts,
and all social organization of people
living in the kampungs, which able
to bring all people `get together’
and produce social progress which
further contribute to social life of
the kampungs

• Internal social integration (kampung

level)

• External social integration (city

level).
 INTERNAL SOCIAL INTEGRATION
• To include activities of : arisan (woman meeting), sports, pengajian
(Qur’an study), mocopat (Javanese poems), keroncong (Javanese
accoustic music), kasidahan arabic music, arts and cultural events,
pop music, youth organization, jimpitan (rice collection), and
community consensus on kawasan bebas rokok (no smoking area)

• Among the above themes of internal social integration, it is found

that arisan (women meeting) is a popular activities existed in all
kampungs of Yogyakarta. This finding indicates that the role of
woman in the integration of social life in the kampungs is very
significant.

• Arisan (women meeting) is a monthly forum of women, where all

women in the kampungs meet in a semi-formal meeting, to discuss
many topics of social lives like: improvement of child nutrition,
revolving fund, kampung greenery program, dissemination of drugs
and avian influence information. Women meeting are an
underpinning social lives in the kampungs of Yogyakarta
 EXTERNAL SOCIAL INTEGRATION
• External integration appears in the forms of:
– inter-kampung networking, meaning some
kampung within the closed distance built a forum
of communication for discussing commons
problem
– art and cultural performances at city level which
are facilitated by the government
– Interconnection with external social organization
(NGO)
– links with the city government offices under the
programs of social safety networks

• External integration = kampungs are not isolation

settlements
 Cokrodiningratan

Demangan
Tegalpanggung

Wirogunan
Mujamuju
Kadipaten

Keparakan Warungboto Rejowinangun

Pandeyan
Gedongkiwo
Mantrijeron Kotagede

scale 1:10000

Social Integration : Internal Integration Government Support NGO/University

External Integration Private Sector Support Support

External Social Integration : Inter-Kampung Networking

RW 6
RW 7
RW 8
RW 9
Cokrodiningratan
RW 10

Wirogunan
Kadipaten RW 2
RW 11

Pandeyan
 ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

• Internal Economic Circuit (economic activities run at

kampung level).
The internal economic circuits occur in all kampungs of Yogyakarta,
meaning that kampungs are not just units of residential area, but
kampungs are also units of economic activity.

• External Economic Circuit (economic activities run at

city, regional, national, and international levels)
Integration between kampung economic activities and city level
economic activities is found in our research. Even some economic
activities have their access to regional, national, and international
markets.
 INTERNAL ECONOMIC CIRCUIT
• To include activities of : warung (a small shop providing daily needs of
people), vegetables shop, warung makan (food stalls), wartel (phone
kiosk), hanphone voucher kiosk, photocopy, salon, kos-kos-an (student
dormitory), laundry, and rental computer.

• Kampungs have their own both market and producer. A kampung is a

compact market, is a compact producer, and is a compact settlement.

• As parts of Yogyakarta city which has label as a student city,

kampungs of Yogyakarta become kampung of student. Almost all
kampungs in Yogyakarta have kos-kos-an (student dormitory) and
warung makan (food stalls). The indigenous people and the students
do a mutual business.
FISIK?
 Roads and Drainage Improvements
• Almost all kampung communities work together with the city government of
Yogyakarta through block grant program.

• This program is executed through stages of planning, financing, constructing,

and maintaining. The maintenance of roads and drainage is usually done by the
community, whereas, for construction, due to it requires a technical skills it
usually asked a technical help from professional labors who have maturity and
huge experiences in the technical construction.

• The mechanism used in this type of infrastructure development is that, people

through a community meeting designed a proposal and submit to the city
government; the government then through a consultation meeting decide and
approve the proposal and the budget (usually 70% was agreed to be financed
by the government and 30% of the rest of the budget was financed by the
community).

• The interesting situation which occurs in the community meeting is that, on the
30% of the budget which has to be financed by the community, it was collected
through a voluntarily participation; meaning that those who belong to the
middle income group contribute more than those the low income group and the
very poor people group of the kampung.

• This situation indicates that feeling togetherness (social capital) has a

significant role as underpinning development of kampung.
 Path
Improvements
Almost all kampungs of Yogyakarta receive
financial supports from the government
through Program Pengentasan Kemiskinan
Perkotaan (Urban Poverty Alleviation
Program).

The involvement of the city government at the

planning step of path ways improvement is
found in 6 kampungs, namely :
Cokrodiningratan, Demangan, Keparakan,
Kadipaten, Mantrijeron, and Wirogunan.

This finding shows that awareness of the

government towards the quality of
environment of kampungs is quite serious.
They make time and energy available for
running meeting and consultation during the
step of plan formulation.
 Social Infrastructures
• For social infrastructures like: community center, security
shelter, and information board, usually built and financed by
community itself.

• Only 6 kampungs found receive financial support from the city

government: Keparakan, Wirogunan, Tegalpanggung,
Warungboto, Mujamuju, and Purbayan.

• Supports from NGO, private sector, and university are also

found in the kampungs of: Cokrodiningratan, Gedongkiwo,
Kadipaten, and Tegalpanggung. The supports are given in the
forms of : plan formulation, financial, and construction.

• These phenomena approved that integration between

kampungs and NGO-private sector-university is found in the
city of Yogyakarta.
Garbage Collection and Management
• Garbage collection and management is the most explicit sector
which shows that between kampung sector and government
sector are integrated each other.

• There is no any kampung out of services from garbage collection

of the city government. Every kampung has its own management
system to collect all the garbage from every houses of the
kampungs and pool the garbage to temporarily pools (tempat
pembuangan sementara) and are collected by the dinas
kebersihan kota (city maintainance department) and pool them at
the final pooling.

• At the kampung level, all garbage has been sorted by people;

they separate the broken glasses, plastics, and metal, aluminum
and household disposals. This research found that garbage
recycling process is found in the kampung of Cokrodiningratan.
In this kampung, recycling process is found in the fertilizer
production under a supervision of Gadjah Mada University
through a program of Kuliah Kerja Nyata (field work and
community services).
KKN UGM-Garbage Collection at Kampung Cokrodiningratan

at RW 10

at RW 07

at RW 10 at RW 10
 Water Supply
• One kampung is found to have double connection services of
water supply :
(i) formal water supply, which is provided by the government, and
(ii) informal water supply, which is provided by the community own
initiatives; It is kampung of Cokrodiningratan and popularly
named as kampung Code Utara. This kampung was able to
improve its water supply system and management with the
supports from the Department of Public Works, Gadjah Mada
University, and CIDA-Asian Institute of Technology.
 Sanitation
• For sanitation service lines, the
government provides main lines
and secondary lines of services.

• Main lines are usually buried under

the main road which connect the
kampung areas to the city of
Yogyakarta, whereas for the
secondary lines, are buried under
roads which across the middle of
the kampungs.

• The households in the kampungs

have their own responsibility to
connect their sanitation lines from
their houses to the secondary line
of services.
 Public Spaces
• Public space is the ultimate evidence of Yogyakarta
which reflects the highest integration indicator of
kampungs and the city of Yogyakarta.

• Starting in the year 2006, the city government of

Yogyakarta executed a program of buying land in the
middle of kampungs and gives back the land to the
people. The ownership of the land is in the hand of
government, but the use of the land for public
purposes is in the hand of kampungs people. Up to
the month of August 2008, the government had
already bought 14 plots of land of 45 kelurahans
(sub-districts) of Yogyakarta (Kompas, 6 August
2008).

• The spirit of this project according to the city

government is to improve communication and
tolerance of people living in the kampungs of
Yogyakarta. This project is a part of the government
program of building Yogyakarta as a “city of
tolerance”.

• Our field observations found that the following

activities appear on the public spaces which are
provided by the government: sports, public meeting,
arts and cultural events, drying clothes, vegetables
selling, public news paper reading, car parking, and
religious ceremony.