V.

AMUDHAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
HINDUSTAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
 Traffic Traffic
Control Operations

Traffic
Traffic TRAFFIC safety
Survey ENGINEERING education

Geometric
Planning Designs
INTRODUCTION TO TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
• Traffic Engineering deals with the Traffic Planning, Geometric design, Traffic control
theory, Traffic Survey, Traffic accident records and Safety management of a roadways.

• This all will leads to execute the economic, safe able and convenient roadways with
perfect planning, Geometric design and traffic alignment.

• Process Flow Chart

State Traffic District

Highway Engineering Traffic
Department Division Engineers
The Concept – Road Safety Management

Road Safety is a process not a project

Road Safety is a quality measure of the road transport system and must be
an integral part of all activities

Road Safety is not to regulate what the driver should do but what he actually
does
• Road Safety is not building a pedestrian bridge – it is to make pedestrians use it
• Road Safety is not putting up a speed limit sign – it is to make the drivers go
slower
Why do we need road safety management?
• Each year at least 1.3 million people are killed and around 50 million injured on roads around the
world.

• Global road injuries have increased by 46% in the twenty years to 2010, are the leading cause of death
for young people and account for almost a third of the world’s injury burden, according to latest
Global Burden of Disease estimates.

• Without new and effective action, deaths in low and middle-income countries are forecast to rise
steeply.

• Road traffic injury is projected to become the leading health burden for children over the age of five
from 2015, the second for men by 2030 and the fourth leading cause of healthy life years lost globally
by 2030.

• A new, widely supported ISO standard (39001) has been produced which promotes similar objectives
for organisations and their top management.
ROAD SAFETY – INDIA’S BIGGEST EMERGING CHALLENGE

• India with just 1% of the vehicular population accounts for 10% of the Road
Fatalities.
• A multicultural, multi-religious democracy of more than one billion has 29
official languages.
• With its size, population, diversity, urbanization and motorization; Road
Safety is the biggest emerging challenge.
What changed in the last decade to present?

Human Behaviour

Vehicles Infrastructure
INTEGRATED APPROACH

EDUCATION USER

ENFORCEMENT ENGINEERING VEHICLE

INFRASTRUCTURE

IMPLEMENTATION INSTRUMENTS COMPONENTS

A Safe System Approach SAFE USERS

Education
Knowledge

Training
Skills Attitude

Information

Behaviour

Enforcement
Objectives
1. Improve education and training of road users
2. Increase compliance with road traffic rules
3. Safer road infrastructure
4. Safer vehicles
5. Promote the use of modern technology to improve road safety
6. Improve emergency and post-care services
7. Improve safety of vulnerable road users.
Evolution of Roads in India
• India has the second largest road network across the world at 5.4 million km.

• Adjusted for its large population, India has approximately 4.63 km of roads per 1000 people.

• However, qualitatively India's roads are a mix of modern highways and narrow, unpaved roads, and
are being improved.

• This has changed since 1995, with major efforts currently underway to modernize the country's
road infrastructure by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.

• The length of national highways in India has increased from 70,934 km in 2010-11 to 101,011 km in
2015-16.

• As of May 2018, India had completed and placed in use over 28,900 kilometers of recently built 4 or
6-lane highways connecting many of its major manufacturing centres, commercial and cultural
centres.
• As per History,
• The first evidence of road development in the Indian subcontinent can be traced back to
approximately 2800 BC from the ancient cities of Harrapa and Mohenjodaro of the Indus Valley
Civilization.

• The Grand Trunk Road was built by Sher Shah Suri in 1540-45 connecting Sonargaon near Dhaka
in Bangladesh with Peshawar in modern-day Pakistan linking several cities from in India.

• In the 1830's the East India Company started a programme of metalled road construction, for
both commercial and administrative purposes.

• In December 1934 the Indian Road Congress (IRC) was formed, on the recommendations of the
Indian Road Development Committee (Jayakar Committee) of the Government of India.

• They proposed a twenty year plan, in 1943, to increase the road network from 350,000km
(220,000 miles), to 532,700 km (331,000 miles) by 1963, to achieve a road density of 16kms,
per 100 sq.km of land.
• In 1956 a Highways Act was passed, and a second twenty year plan proposed for the period
1961-1981, with the ambition of doubling road density to 32kms, per 100 sq.km. This
second plan became known as the Bombay Road Plan.

• In 1988, an autonomous entity called the National Highways Authority of India was
established in India by an Act of Parliament.

• One of the most ambitious projects to improve roads in India was under the National
Highways Development Project (NHDP) started in the year 1998 by then Prime Minister Atal
Bihari Vajpayee.

• A total of 5,846 km long 4/6 laned highways connecting the four major cities
of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.
 Indus Valley
Civilization,
2800 BC

1956 a
Highways Act, Grand Trunk
Highways Road, 1540-
Development 45
Project

Indian Road
East India
Congress (IRC)
Company,
a twenty year
1830
plan, in 1943
7 Problems of Urban Transport
1. Traffic Movement and Congestion

• Traffic congestion occurs when urban transport networks are no longer capable of accommodating the volume of movements that
use them

2. Public Transport Crowding

• The ‘person congestion’ occurring inside public transport vehicles at such peak times adds insult to injury, sometimes literally.

3. Off-Peak Inadequacy of Public Transport

• If public transport operators provide sufficient vehicles to meet peak-hour demand there will be insufficient patronage off-peak to
keep them economically employed.

4. Difficulties for Pedestrians

• Attempts to increase their safety have usually failed to deal with the source of the problem (i.e., traffic speed and volume) and
instead have concentrated on restricting movement on foot.
5. Parking Difficulties

• Many car drivers stuck in city traffic jams are not actually trying to go anywhere: they are just looking
for a place to park.

6. Environmental Impact

• It is generally recognized that traffic noise is the major environment problem caused by traffic in urban
areas.
7. Atmospheric Pollution
Road Safety at the cross road of policies and
social needs

Employment Industry, research,

innovation
Internal Market

Environment
Taxation

Health
Energy
Work-related Road Safety concerns as well

• Employment : Work related accidents Heath and safety at work.

• Taxation : Find appropirate incentives for employers.
• Health : Involve the competence of occupational physicians.
• Environment : Train employees to defensive driving is also including eco-
driving.
• Energy : Better planned travel routes help in reducing energy
consumption.
Work-related Road Safety should also take into
account
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES:
Ageing population:
Increasing elder workers – more fragility,
more health/ergonomic/medical problems
but… more experience

Employers to seek for differentiated working patterns/alternative roles

Gender shift:
Increasing employment of women – different health and safety concerns
different conciliation of private/professional life
different facilities requests
but… much lower risk of accidents

Need to find specific gender oriented solutions in work organization