Unit 2: Force,

Motion, and Energy

 Module 1: Module 2:
Electricity and Electromagnetic
Magnetism Spectrum

Module 3: Light:
Mirrors and Lenses
 The Electric Accelerating electrons produce
and Magnetic electromagnetic waves. These waves are
a combination of electric and magnetic
Fields Together fields. A changing magnetic field
produces an electric field and a
changing electric field produces a
magnetic field. As accelerated electrons
produce an electric field of a wave, the
varying electric field produces the wave’s
magnetic field. Both the electric field and
the magnetic field oscillate perpendicular
to each other and to the direction of the
propagating wave.
 The Electric All electromagnetic waves can travel
through a medium but unlike other types of
and Magnetic waves, they can also travel in vacuum. They
travel in vacuum at a speed of 3x108 m/s and
Fields Together denoted as c, the speed of light. The wave
speed, frequency, and wavelength are
related by the following equation:

v=λf
where v is the wave speed, or c (speed of
light) expressed in meters per second;
the frequency f is expressed in Hertz; and
the wavelength λ is expressed in meters
EM Wave Wavelength (m) Frequency (Hz) Energy (J)

Radio > 1 x 10 -1 < 3 x 109 < 2 x 10 -24

Microwave 1 x 10 -3 -1 x 10 -1 3 x 109 - 3 x 1011 2 x 10 -24 - 2 x 10 -22

Infrared 7 x 10 -7 - 1 x 10 -3 3 x 1011 - 4 x 1014 2 x 10 -22 - 3 x 10 -19

Visible 4 x 10 -7 - 7 x 10 -7 4 x 1014 - 7.5 x 1014 3 x 10 -19 - 5 x 10 -19

Ultraviolet 1 x 10 -8 - 4 x 10 -7 7.5 x 1014 - 3 x 1016 5 x 10 -19 - 2 x 10 -17

X – ray 1 x 10 -11 - 1 x 10 -8 3 x 1016 - 3 x 1019 2 x 10 -17 - 2 x 10 -14

Gamma < 1 x 10 -11 > 3 x 1019 > 2 x 10 -14

 Radio waves have the longest

RADIO
wavelength in the electromagnetic
spectrum. They are produced by making
electrons vibrate in an antenna. They are
used to transmit sound and picture
information over long distances.

Radio waves have a very wide range of

wavelengths. The whole region of the
radio waves is divided into smaller regions

WAVES or wavebands. Each waveband is

allocated by law to a specific radio
service.
RADIO

WAVES