Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Science and
Engineering Fair
SCIENTIFIC WRITING
Division Orientation on Scientific Research
for Science Head and Research Advisers
July 29, 2017
Manggahan High School
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCIENTIFIC WRITING - IMRaDC
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCIENTIFIC WRITING - IMRaDC
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS & METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCIENTIFIC WRITING - IMRaDC
two or four paragraphs with
no subsections
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
sample
RESULTS
Each table , graph, figure, etc may be accompanied
with short descriptions on the trends derived from
the data analysis conducted
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCIENTIFIC WRITING - IMRaDC
It presents what
-It presents ehat else else
can be can be
done to done
improve theto
research,
to widen the knowledge about this research topic, and
RECOMMENDATIONS
improve the research,
other variables to widen
that can be tested the
in relation to the research
knowledge about
(other researchers ofthis research
the same topic,
interest will usually read this
part to conceptualize their own research topic)
and other variables that can be tested
-Usually ato
in relation short paragraph with no subsections
the research .
REFERENCES/
It includes all books, journals,
BIBLIOGRAPHY credible websites and all other
resources that were used as reference
1. TITLE
It should not be placed on a separate page and should be
placed on top of the first page
2. NAME/S OF STUDENT/S
It is placed directly under the title
Name/s of students are arranged in alphabetical order by
surnames
Names are written in one line separated by commas
3. NAME OF SCHOOL
Full name of school, with address, if placed under the names
4. ABSTRACT
It is placed under the name of school with two lines (above and below)
5. KEYWORDS
It is placed directly below the abstract
Usually 3 to 4 words that describes the research
6. APPENDICES
Attached documents
7. PAGE NUMBERS
Page numbers are suggested to be placed at the center of each page
Make sure that the font style and size of the page numbers are the
same as that of the body
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCIENTIFIC WRITING - IMRaDC
ABSTRACT
Note: Some scientific journals require the use of the active voice to
save space, since sentences in the active voice tend to be shorter.
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Writing Style in Science
VERB TENSE
Use the past tense when reporting the results of your own work (w
hich includes most of the Abstract, Materials and Methods, and Re
sults sections) and the present tense for established research(whic
h includes most of the Introduction and Discussion)
Some exceptions should be noted:
Use the past tense when you refer to the author directly.
For example:
Bednark (1959) found that this Drepanidea was extremely sensitive to
light.
Use present tense when you refer directly to a table or figure in your o
wn paper
For example:
Figure 1 shows that the population was adversely affected.
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Writing Style in Science
JARGON
Scientists use simple, straightforward writing and avoid the use of j
argon.
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Writing Style in Science
WORDINESS
You should omit words or phrases that do not add to the meaning
of your sentence.
Wordy Concise
More often than not Usually
It is apparent that Apparently
In the light of the fact Because
In only a small number of Occasionally, rarely
cases
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Writing Style in Science
Use an affirmative sentence rather than a double n
egative
Instead of Consider Using
This reaction is not uncommon This reaction is common
This reaction is rare
This reaction occurs about 405 of
the time
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Writing Style in Science
Words and Phrases to avoid
Omit excess words.
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Writing Style in Science
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Writing Style in Science
36
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Writing Style in Science
5 C’s
Clarity
Conciseness
Concreteness
Coherence
Context
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
WHAT IS A GOOD RESEARCH TOPIC?
It is SMART
fit the students’ interests
contribute to a new knowledge
beneficial
not a repetition
not copied from winning research
not too “traditional” (eg. antibacterial,
insecticidal).
addresses the problems and needs of the
community, province or country.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Oral Presentation and Defense
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Oral Presentation and Defense
SAMPLE QUESTIONS FROM JUDGES:
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Common Wrong-Doings Caught in Science Fair
• Student claims s/he performed the experiment that
in fact, it was the qualified scientist who did the
experimentation.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Common Wrong-Doings Caught in Science Fair
• manipulated the set-ups.
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
TIPS
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DO NOT
PLAGIARIZE
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DO NOT ENGAGE IN
DEBATE WITH THE
JUDGES.
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Answer
directly and
concisely
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Find angles of the research
which can be applied not
only to the locality it was
made for but to other
places as well.
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Practice
good time
management.
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Look for
research
grants.
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Have a checklist.
1. Is my research original (or modified, improved version) and did not just
exactly copy existing same research?
3. Are the needed Intel ISEF forms signed and completed by proper
signatories?
5. Were the results properly and honestly presented in the research paper?
6. Were the abstract, title, and parts of the research paper well written?
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION