-refers to the science which deals with the collection, organization,

presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data

Descriptive or Inferential?
 The IQ score of all CICT students is above average.

The mean weight of 50 high school students is 45kgs.

Color of hair,
a. Qualitative-differ in
Religion, Gender
characteristics
b. Quantitative- Temperature,
differ by “how No. of students , age
much”
1. Number of students in a class
2. Height
3. Type of school: Public or Private
4. Zip code
Mean (average)
• The sum of all the data entries divided by the number of entries.

The prices (in dollars) for a sample of roundtrip flights from Chicago, Illinois to
Cancun, Mexico are listed. What is the mean price of the flights?
872 432 397 427 388 782 397

Σx = 872 + 432 + 397 + 427 + 388 + 782 + 397 = 3695

x 3695
x   527.9
n 7
 Median
• The value that lies in the middle of the data when the data set is ordered.
• Measures the center of an ordered data set by dividing it into two equal parts.
• If the data set has an a) odd number of entries: median is the middle data entry.
b) even number of entries: median is the mean of the two middle data entries.

FINDING A SAMPLE MEDIAN

Ex. 1: The prices (in dollars) for a sample of roundtrip flights
from Chicago, Illinois to Cancun, Mexico are listed. What is
the median price of the flights?
872 432 397 427 388 782 397

• First order the data. Ex. 2: 88 76 57 39 42 32 82 58

• 388 397 397 427 432 782 872

The median price of the flights is $427.

Mode
• The data entry that occurs with the greatest frequency.
• If no entry is repeated the data set has no mode.
• If two entries occur with the same greatest frequency, each entry is a mode (bimodal).

FINDING A SAMPLE MODE

Ex. 1: The prices (in dollars) for a sample of Ex. 2: 59 23 34 98 78

roundtrip flights from Chicago, Illinois to 56 45 23 78
Cancun, Mexico are listed. What is the mode
The modes are 23 and 78.
price of the flights?
872 432 397 427 388 782 397
Ex. 3: 59 23 34 98 78
• Ordering the data helps to find the mode. 56 45 29 34 98
388 397 397 427 432 782 872 59 56 45 78 29
Mode: The entry of 397 occurs twice, whereas the other 23
data entries occur only once. There is NO mode.