PLANE ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

 ANALYTIC GEOMETRY- the branch of

Mathematics which deals with the
properties, behaviours and solutions of
points, lines, curves, angles, surfaces and
solids by means of algebraic methods in
relation to a coordinate system
 CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM –this
consists of two perpendicular lines X’0X
and Y’0Y which intersect at point O. The
line X’0X is called the x-axis and the line
Y’0Y is called the y-axis. Together, they
are known as the CARTESIAN coordinate
axes. Their point of intersection O is called
the origin.
The coordinate axes divide
the plane into four quadrants
marked I, II, III and IV.

 Distances measured to the right of the y-
axis and parallel to the x-axis are
considered positive while distances
measured to the left of the y-axis are
negative. Distances measured upward
from the x-axis and parallel to the y-axis
are considered positive while those
measured downward from the x-axis are
negative

 Theposition of any point on a plane may be
determined by its distance from the y-axis
(abscissa or x-coordinate) and its distances
from the x-axis (ordinate or y-coordinate). The
abscissa and ordinate together are called the
rectangular coordinates or cartesian
coordinates. A moving or variable point may
be denoted P(x,y).
DIRECTED LINE SEGMENT

 When a line segment is measured in a
definite sense or direction, it is known to
be directed line segment.




DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS

 Examples:
 Find the distance between two points:
 (4,7), (-3,5)
 (7,-4), (-4,-8)
 Show that the points (-1,-2), (5, 4), (-3, 0) are
vertices of a right triangle, and find its area.
 Find the point on the y-axis that is equidistant
from (5, 1) and (-3, -1). .


DIVISION OF A LINE SEGMENT

ALTERNATE FORMULA FOR
DIVISION OF A LINE SEGMENT


Midpoint of a Line Segment

Examples:



ANGLE OF INCLINATION

Slope of a Line

Slope in Terms of Coordinates.


SLOPES OF PARALLEL AND
PERPENDICULAR LINES

 THEOREM (Condition for Parallelism): Two
non-coincident lines are parallel if and
only if the slopes are equal.

THEOREM (Condition for
Perpendicularity):

 Two lines are perpendicular if and only if the

slope of one is the negative reciprocal of the
slope of the other, or, the product of their slopes
is -1.

 Angle Formed by Two Lines.

 Examples:


Area of Triangle by
Coordinates:
