Methods of Separating Mixtures

• Magnet
• Filter
• Decant
• Evaporation
• Centrifuge
• Distillation
 Mixture of
solid and
liquid Stirring
rod

Filtration
separates
Funnel

a liquid
Filter paper
from a traps solid

solid

Filtrate (liquid
component
of the mixture)
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40
 Setup to heat a solution
Ring stand

Beaker

Wire gauze

Ring

Bunsen burner

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 42

 A Hero’s Fountain Glass retort

mixture for distillation

placed in here

long spout helps

vapors to condense

Furnace
Eyewitness Science “Chemistry” , Dr. Ann Newmark, DK Publishing, Inc., 1993, pg 13
 A Distillation Apparatus
thermometer

liquid with a solid

dissolved in it condenser

tube
distilling
flask

receiving pure
hose connected to flask liquid
Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 282 cold water faucet
 The solution is boiled and steam
is driven off.

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39

 Salt remains after all water is
boiled off.

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39

 No chemical change occurs
when salt water is distilled.

Distillation
(physical method)

Salt

Saltwater solution Pure water

(homogeneous mixture)

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40

 Separation of a sand-saltwater
mixture.

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40

 Centrifugation

• Spin sample very rapidly: AFTER

Before
denser materials go to
bottom (outside)
• Separate blood into serum
and plasma Serum
– Serum (clear)
Blood
– Plasma (contains red blood
cells ‘RBCs’) RBC’s

• Check for anemia (lack of iron)

A B C
 Water Molecules

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 8

The decomposition of two water
molecules.

Water Diatomic Diatomic

molecules oxygen molecule + hydrogen molecules

Electric
current

2 H2O  O2 + 2 H2
 Electrolysis Water

“electro” = electricity
“lysis” = to split Oxygen Hydrogen
gas forms gas forms

*H1+
H2O(l) O2 (g) + 2 H2 (g)
water oxygen hydrogen Source of Electrode
direct current

*Must add acid catalyst

to conduct electricity
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 32
 Reviewing Concepts
Physical Properties

• List seven examples of physical

properties.
• Name three processes that are used to
separate mixtures.
• Explain why sharpening a pencil is an
example of a physical change.
• What allows a mixture to be separated by
distillation?
 Reviewing Concepts
Chemical Properties

• List three common types of evidence for a

chemical change.

• How do chemical changes differ from

physical changes?
• A pat of butter melts and then burns in a
hot frying pan. Which of these changes is
physical and which is chemical?